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iIBRARY OF 


of Illinois. 


Books are not to be taken from the Library Room. 


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“met ¥ 


4 
¢ 
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Return this book on or before the 
Latest Date stamped below. A 
charge is made on all overdue 
books. 


U. of I. Library “ 


CEA Bee te YY. Eee Ye 2! Pir nae .. wa 


LIPS TO INVENTORS: 


TELLING WHAT INVENTIONS ARE NEEDED, AND 


HOW TO PERFECT AND DEVELOP NEW 
IDEAS IN ANY LINES. 


ge 


4 + ; 
ee NY : | ; 
‘ de L/L? 


Ve f 8) \ 


ROBERT GRIMSHAW, Ph.D., M.E., 
Author of ‘Steam Engine Catechism,” ‘‘ Pump Catechism,” ‘** Boiler Catechism,”’ 
‘*Engine Runners’: Catechism,” ‘* Practical Catechism,’ ‘* Preparing for 


Indication,’’ “* Hints to Power Users,”’ ‘* Hints on House Building,”’ 
and numerous other Practical Works. 


NEW YORK: 


THE PRACTICAL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 
21 Park Row. 


1892. 


ANE Tas 


L \ 
re ie } 
aes . 


DEDICATION 


TO 


SOHN EF. SW RET, 


Formerly Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Cornell University; 
Ex-President American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 


AS A HIGH TYPE OF THE 


PATIENT, PERSISTENT, SYSTEMATIC, 
PRACTICAL INVENTOR, 
AND IN 
SLIGHT RECOGNITION 
OF HIS 


_ESTIMABLE PERSONAL, QUALITIES. 


B2449 


Copyright, 
1892, 
RoserT GRIMSHAW. 


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CHAPTER HEADINGS. 


os 


Chapter Headings. 


PAGE, 

ce TAI Sy gaa in angie i eC eee 13 
Meet rar hemical WaAVs.v. 2. se ewes wy ee 17 
fee Wretallurgical .5.5 cies ease ee es Ee 24 
MELOY sc tig sh Rl tne ar rs oh eles so Soe ie Ne 27 
Memedeiaiway Lines-:.°,2% 0.05 . seb sed wee ce 30 
2g eS Nr a OO 33 
eite—-Our Common Roads.......2600. 002s. 35 
ESE RSE ES SS a mye 
feeeetieatine and Lighting.................. 39 
fee icine’ and Printing’... 0.2. eee 41 
BT ISCOI AN COUS ds a 0s GS cece Selec se es 44 
11.—Perfecting and Developing.............. 50 


Meee cling Patents 2.2)... e.. be ee ee 61 


6 LIPS: LOIN VEN TCR: 


TIPS TO INVENTORS, 


List of Topics. 


Electricity direct from 
Coal 

Primary Battery 

Storage Battery for Ve- 
hicles 

Storing the Lightning 

Electro-deposition 

Electric Cooking 

Electric Transmission of 
Power 

Incandescent Light 

Insulating Material 

Telephone Exchange 

Telephone Attachment 

Long Distance Telephone 

Telephoning at Sea 

Electric Welding 


ContinuousFractional Dis- 
tillation 

Vulcanizing Mineral Hy- 
drocarbons 

Recovering Vulcanized 
Rubber 

Bond for Emery Wheels 

Leather 

Russia Leather 

Scotch Gauge Glasses 

Aniline Black 

Indelible Cancelling Ink 

Black Copyable Typewri- 
ter Inks 

Black Writing Fluid 

Metallic Sheen in Dyes 

Permanent Aniline Dyes 


LIST COR 


es 


ed ed OS, 


| ae 


Artificial Diamonds and 

~ Pearls 

Artificial Mica 

Special Foods for Various 
Organs 

Cures for Consumption 
and Cancer 

Artificial Coffee and Tea 
Flavors 

De-nicotinizing Tobacco 

Sorghum Sugar 

Sugar from Starch 

Fusees 

Cream of Tartar 

Explosives 

Projecting Dynamite 
Shells 

Photographic 
Prints”’ 


Photography in Colors 


vital og Eek 


Purifying River Water 

Deodorizing Kerosene 

Deodorizing Carbon Bi- 
sulphide 

Cementing Metal to Glass 


Siccative for Cotton Seed 
Oil 

Preserving Eggs 

Ice Machine 

Refracting Material for 
Lenses 

Oxygen-making Process 

New Alkaloids 

Tough Thin Flexible 
Paper 

Wood Paper Pulp 

Red Lead Pencil 

Bleaching Material 

Antiseptic 


Isolating Aluminium 

Aluminium Solder 

Extracting Silver 
Low Ores 

Hardening Copper 

Gold from Clay 

Tin 


from 


Recovering from 
Scraps 
Casting Iron under Pres- 


SUC; 


8 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


Direct Iron Making Pro- 
cess 

Russia Iron 

New Steels 


Automatic Stoker 

Bagasse Burner 

Smoke Consumer 

Safety Boiler 

Substitute for Fly-Wheel 

Instantaneous Engine 
Stop 

Rotary Engine with Cut 
Off 

Motor for Balloons 

Gas Engines 

Oil Engine 

Steam Road Wagon 

Storage of Power 


Train Brake 
Train Stopper 
Car Heater 
Station Indicator 
Rail Joint 


Ee 


Iron and Steel Railway 
Tie 

Railway Snow Plow 

Platform Weighing Ma- 
chine 

Car Starter 

Cable Railway Grip 


Boat Model 

Screw Propeller 
Feathering Paddle Wheel 
Jet Propulsion 

Naphtha Launches 

Storm Anchor 

Boat Disengaging Hook 
Life Boat 

Harbor Dredge 

Screw Propeller 


Horse Shoe 
Roadway 

Monolithic Pavement 
Wagon Wheel 

Street Sweeper 


LEST ROR -TOPICS, > 


Cactus Fibre Cleaner 

Umbrella in One Piece 

Seamless Stocking 

Sail Strengthener 

Fire Proof and 
Proof Compound for 
Textiles 


Water 


Oil Stove 

Oil Range Attachment 
Household Gas Machine 
Gas Main Joint 

Gas Burner 

Gas Regulator 

Safety Lamp 
Superheated Steam Oven 


Fountain Pen 
Manifolding Process 
Typewriter Printing Types 
Typesetting Machines 
Half Tone Printing 
Ink Distributing Roller 
Color Printing at one Im- 
pression 


Printing on Sheet Metal 
Printing Surface 

Power Plate Printing 
Case Binding 


Brick Machine 

Unglazed Colored Bricks 

Glazing without Putty 

Platform Weighing Ma- 
chine for Moving Trains. 

Bran Baler 

Cotton Bale Fastener 

Cotton Picker 

Household Filter 

Flexible Glass 

Window Balance 

Button Sewing Machine 

Box Nailing Machine 

Intestine Cleaning Ma- 
chine 

Breech Loading Cannon 

Navigable Balloon 

Air Gun 

Coal Cutting Machine 

Slate Separator 


10 TIPS. FO1AVVENTORS: 


Mica Separator Cremation Furnace 

Well Tool Grapple Head Covering 

[ron Moulding Machine 

Bone Disintegrator Automatic Janitor 
Anemometer Self-acting Barber 
Household Emery Wheel Sensitive Cornet 
Pyrometer —— 

Ball Bearing Perfecting and Developing 
Patella Splint Selling Patents 


of 12. pw 


INTRODUCTION. 11 


INTRODUCTION. 


This volume is to some extent a republication of 
articles of mine, some of which appeared in the Suzday 
World, and others in the Practical Mechanic, which 
were intended to do inventors a two-fold service : first, 
to warn them away from fields in which remuneration 
was not likely to come from inventions, either because 
the art was so weil advanced, or because there would 
not be sufficient demand for even a perfect invention; 
second, to point out lines in which inventions are 
greatly needed, and in many cases loudly demanded. 

In the publications named I gave quite a number of 
hints which presented themselves to me in the course 
ot my perambulations and thinking fits; and since 
then there have come up about as many more, wnich it 
would be well for him (and her also) of ingenious mind 
and practical training to produce. 

In looking over the broud field of industry the intelli- 
gent observer is struck with two things: First, the high 
degree of pecuniary reward which has been attained by 


12 TIPS FO INVENTORS. 


those inventors who have gone to work to supply 
something that the world needed; and second, the 
great number of lines in which there is still opportun- 
ity for inventors to achieve success. ? 

The mere fact that there is already a successful . 
machine or process in use need not deter an inventor 
from going ahead and making a better one. The his- 
tory of the sewing machine, of the typewriter, of the 
mower and reaper, and of a dozen or a hundred other 
inventions, will show that when people are once 
aroused to the desirability of having a thing done 
better than before, they are greedy for still more and 
further progress. Every one cannot or will not be the. 
one which is brought out first. The rest have a good 
show, and sometimes a better one, by reason of what 
has been done by the pioneer. Keep on inventing, 
only be sure that you get up things which are needed, 
and do not waste your time in converting people to 
the idea that what you have invented is what they 
want. If they do not know that they want a thing, 
and do not call for it, never mind about getting it up, 
as long as so many things which they do want, and 
know that they want, and keep on calling for, are still 
unfurnished. 


21 Park Row, N. Y. 


OEE elt AL , 13 


CHAP T Eined 


ELECTRICAL. 


Of course the first lines in which there appear to be 
opportunities for successful inveation are those in 
which electricity and its myriad appliances are made 
to do man’s bidding. 

One of the greatest of all electrical problems that is 
just now offered for solution is the production of elec- 
tricity direct from coal without the intervention of a 
steam boiler and engine; without the incidental pro- 
duction of light and heat. Whoever does this success- 
fully should become ‘rich beyond the dreams of 
avarice.” This may call forthe production of a primary 
battery which shall use ordinary coal as one of its elec- 
trodes ; oxidizing this perfectly to carbonic acid, with- 
out the production of heat—and all at a cost which 
will render such production of electrical current a com- 
mercial rival with the present method of using the 
coal in a furnace to produce steam with which to run 
an engine by which to turn a “dynamo” which shall 
evolve the current. 


14 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


The storage battery or secondary battery—particu- 
larly for vehicles—is far too heavy, complicated, costly, 
and liable to deterioration, and gives off fumes which 
do not commend it to popular approval. There is 
ample opportunity for inventors to do good and pay.- 
ing work here. 

If some scientist, or any one, in fact, will invent a 
way of storing up lightning and using it when and 
where it is needed, he will make for himself more than 
a mere name. 

Electro-deposition needs looking into. There are 
several metals which as yet cannot very well be de-— 
posited by the galvanic current; and theart of deposit- 
ing alloys has- as yet but very limited practical 
application. 

Electric cooking has been but little more than sug- 
gested. In many houses now having electric lights, a 
good device for cooking by electricity taken from the 
same wires which supply the light could very readily 
be introduced. : 

The problem of electric transmission of power has 
been solved by several methods, more or less (gen- 
erally less) satisfactory. This field is a wide one, 
and the incentive to effort very great. 

Can you make a better filament for the incandescent 


ELECTRICAL. 15 


—s —— -ae 


electric light than those which you see? Or can you 
even make as good a one? If so, you can practically 
dictate your own terms for the sale of your patent. 
There is a big demand all over the country for an 
insulating material for wires which would be light, 
cheap, easily handled and not readily altered or 
attacked by heat, cold, dampness, acids, alkalies, coal 
gas or sewer gas, and which would also-resist.abrasion. 
A telephone exchange in which each. subscriber 
could catch and hold any other in the system, without, 
resort to ‘Central,’ is not so im! ossible of yori gee \ 
as might at first seem. . : 


have found out after much effort that there was no one 
there, would feel better if there was on the market 
something which would at once, when a box was rung 
up, give a signal stating that there was no one to re- 
ceive a message and would not be until a time which 
would be stated by the attachment. 

Long distance telephoning is only in its infancy. 
There i is need of greater certainty of working and of 
greater ‘clearness of sound. 

Telephoning and telegraphing at sea | may seem wild. 
So did sending a message along through a wire with- 


16 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


out pulling the wire. There are people now living 
who will send a telegraph from one vessel at sea to 
another ; or to port. 

How long will it be before the stern posts of great 
steamships will be made by electric welding ? 


= DOr » 
Sa 


IN A CHEMICAL WAY. 17 


CHAPTER II. 


IN A CHEMICAL WAY. 


The problem of the continuous fractional distillation 
of petroleum has often been offered to all those who 
should be most interested in its accomplishment asa 
very desirable one to solve. At present, a still is filled 
and made to yield so much of one compound, then so 
much of another, and so on until it is empty, when it 
must be cooled and re-charged. What is wanted isa 
still or apparatus which will work as a flour-mill does— 
receive constant feed of raw material and deliver con- 
stant streams of the various products and by-products. 

Thereare many mineral hydro-carbons which it would 
pay to “vulcanize” as India rubber and gutta-percha 
are now. 

What is not known about “ vulcanizing ” India rub- 
ber, gutta percha, and other similar substances, would 
filla large volume. Get up a process for recovering 
India rubber out of old vulcanized articles, and an- 


18 IIPS TO INVENTORS. 


other for vulcanizing the material so that it will not 
get soft by heat or brittle by cold. 

In the manufacture of emery wheels, a bond is de- 
sirable which will possess the advantages both of India 
rubber and of silicate. 

Can you make leather which shall be as pliable as 
ordinary leather and shall wear as well as raw-hide? If 
so you can borrow money on the process. 

We cannot yet imitate Russia leather cheaply sic 
well. Inventors take note. 

The secret of making Scotch gauge glasses seems to 
be too much of a monopoly. 

There is as yet no decent aniline black color. There 
are blacks which show through them a green or a 
brown or a blue color, and others which are even 
bronzed when the light falls upon them a certain way ; 
but the real “ black black” is not on the market, nor 
even on the road to the market. 

A good indelible canceling ink for postage stamps 
has been the aim of inventors and the desire of the 
post-office authorities for many years, but has not as 
yet made its appearance. When it comes it will: not 
have to create a demand ; the demand is already here. 

A copyable typewriter ink, that will be black after 
copying as well as before, is desired. 


IN A CHE VICAL WAY. 19 


A jet-black ink which will be black when written 
with, will stay black, will not corrode a steel pen and 
will flow freely is one of the things that everybody 
wants. 

The metallic sheen which is seen on liquid aniline 
colors and which seems at times to be such an objec- 
tion, should be taken advantage of. Inventors should 
aim to produce fabrics having various colors and a 
metallic lustre. 

The chemist who can make aniline dyes permanent 
will confer a great boon upon the community and 
should line his pockets well with bank notes. 

In the manufacture of artificial precious stones the 
French have done a good deal; but the diamond and 
the pearl should be made as successfully as the tur- 
quoise and the ruby, in order for the inventor to have 
the right to be proud. 

The chemist who will produce an artificial mica in 
large sheets will find buyers waiting for his patent or 
process. 

The discovery of special foods for special parts of the 
body, in like manner as now applied for different crops, 
is worth seeking. 

The dread disease, pulmonary consumption, and that 
other equally fell destroyer, cancer, have never been 


‘20 IIPS TO INVENTORS. 


subdued by specifics, and whoever produces medica- 
ments which will cure them will deserve well of his fel- 


low men and should reap a fortune. 


Some time when you have leisure produce an arti- 
ficial coffee or tea flavor which shall be as like the real 
as artificial vanilla is like the flavor which it imitates. 

Can you take the nicotine out of tobacco without 
injuring the other flavoring’ principles which it con- 
tains? If you can you will bea benefactor anyhow, 


and perhaps a millionaire. 


Why don’t you invent a good process for making 
sugar from sorghum or imphee ? 

Sugar from starch will come some day—when we 
know how to produce it. Whoever finds out ought to 
get rich. Making glucose from starch has paid hand- 
somely—but making sugar from the same substance 
should enrich inventor and manufacturer. 

Match-making needs a little impulse. Can you get 
up a fusee which will not blow out and which will not 
smell like a drug store on fire ? 

A cheaper process of making pure cream of tartar 
than those at present employed should bring wealth 
to its inventor. | 

There is always a good: chance for new explosives, 


IN A CHEMICAL WAY. 21 


particularly if they are controllable and make no nox- 
lous gases. 

Some one will come along and throw dynamite shells. 
out of an ordinary cannon witha high explosive to 
propel it; and then he will most likely be both famous 
and rich. 

To make a photographic print with the sharpness 
of the familiar blue print, and with the same quickness. 
and ease, but black instead of blue, has been made the 
aim of photographers for some time. You try it. 

If whoever invents a process for photographing in 
colors reaps a reward commensurate with its impor- 
tance and the eagerness with which it will be welcomed 
by the public he will be a very rich man. 

A process by which the water of great rivers may 
be purified more rapidly than by filtering beds should 
command attention and a high price. 

Can you take all the smell out of kerosene oil? If 
so, you know how to do what many manufacturers 
have been trying to do for a long time. 


Deodorize bisulphide of carbon by a cheap process, 
and several manufacturing chemists will want your ad- 
dress as soon as they hear of what you have done. 

The chemist who will make from cotton seed either 


22 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


a drying or a non-drying oil, should not want for cash 
if he manages his affairs properly. 

More cements for fastening metals to glass would 
find room and sale. 

No one seems to have been able, as yet, to preserve 
eggs fresh and sweet for a long time, as fruits are 
kept. Some one will manage it some day and reap a 
reward therefor. 

Inventors should get at the matter of the manufac- 
ture of artificial ice. What is needed is a machine 
which will make ice, first, safely; second, cheaply, and 
third, without using chemicals which have to be im- 
ported. 

Find a substitute for glass as a material for tele- 
scopic and microscopic lenses, having as great a refrac- 
tive power as the diamond—and name your own price 
for it. 

Oxygen making and hydrogen making are not yet 
easy enough and cheap enough on a large scale. 

The number of possible new alkaloids would pos- 
sibly bankrupt one’s arithmetic to compute. It is 
probably feasible to produce them to order having any 
desired effect upon the human system. 

In the manufacture of paper, such matters as 
strengthening and toughening thin sheets without 


IN A CHEMICAL WAY. 23 


making them stiff and brittle have yet to be looked 
into. A soft flexible parchment paper is needed. 

In paper making there is needed a chemical process 
for making wood pulp which will destroy the fibre less 
than the present. 

The good red lead-pencil is not yet. 

There is room fora domestic bleaching powder or 
fluid, which shall not corrode the ordinary textile fab- 
rics. 

To supply some solution which will have the general 
effect of creosote in preserving wood from rot, but 
shall not be dissolvable out of the wood, if the latter is 
immersed in water, is a great thing to try for. 


ee ee ES 


24 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


CHAPTER ah: 


METALLURGICAL. 


Every now and then someone claims (or someone 
else claims for him) that he has discovereda process by 
which to isolate aluminium at very little cost. Some 
good starts have been made in this direction, but we 
are only in the a-b-ab’s of this metallurgical industry. 
There may be a dozen processes, each of which would 
pay.well and all of’ which would be as satisfactory as 
the cnes now being worked. 

Now that aluminium is so cheap there is a demand 
for better solders for it than are known at present, 


even to experts. 


Metallurgists want a cheap process for extracting 
silver from very low-grade oresin paying quantities. 


Hardening copper is an art which, it is said, was once’ 
possessed by the ancient Egyptians. If they had it 
they lost it completely; and when they lost it they 
lost a very valuable art. The re-inventor of the old 


METALLURGICAL. 25 


process, or the discoverer of a new one, should become 
famous and rich. 

If you could only extract the gold from ordinary 
brick clay, in somewhat the same manner as the alum- 
inum is now taken out of it, you might think Croesus a 
poor man compared with you. There is enough gold 
in an ordinary Philadelphia brick to make a piece of 
gold leaf two inches square. 

A good way of recovering the tin from scrap tinned 
iron should pay. Rape | 

The whole art of making castjgs undlel/ pfessii 


needs to be learned. It is but inftsinfarcy. -Ther 
required a casting machine which 
and brass what the type casting m 
metal. 

Direct processes for making iron and st mm the 
ores should engage the attention of practical metal- 
lurgists. There would be but little use in an outsider 
working in this line; there are too many things about 
it which must be learned by long time observation and 
experience. 

There is only about one firm in this country that can 
make what is known as Russia iron; and the recipe 

“for doing it is not posted upon its outer walls. 
In steel making there are ever so many possible com- 


26 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 

pounds of iron with other elements, which would have 
value for special purposes if they were experimented 
with. Other steels than carbon, silicon, and chromium 
compounds should be worked out and experimented 
with. 


“oSMULee 


POWER. 27 


CHAPTER EY. 


POWER. 


Power users will herald the day which gives them 
a good automatic stoker for their boilers. 

The methods employed to burn “ bagasse”’ (the refuse 
of the sugar cane as delivered from the mill), are crude 
and should be improved upon. 

The smoke-consumer which will save fuel and lessen 
the smoke nuisance in those cities where soft coal is 
burned is yet in the future; and if it will do what is 
desired of it and will, in addition, be applicable to loco- 
motives, there will be in it what the boys on the street 
call “big money.” 

And the safety boiler. Has the perfect generator 
of steam been produced? There are many excellent 
ones in use and some good ones coming out ; but per- 
fection is a long way ahead, and the success of those 
good ones which are already before the public need 
not keep any one from bringing out still better ones. 


28 TIPS T0 INVENTORS. 


A problem which is worth working at is the produc- 
tion of a mechanical substitute for the fly-wheel on 
ordinary steam engines or other motors, particularly 
those running at slow speed. This problem has been 
practically solved in pumping machinery by the use of 
hydraulic auxiliary cylinders, which absorb power and 
give it out again. 

Can you get up a good device which will automati- 
cally and instantly stop the engine and all moving 
parts connected therewith in case any one gets caught 
in the machinery ? 

The rotary engine which will use steam expansively, 
be durable, and not give trouble from leakage, has not 
yet been evolved. There is a chance for it yet. | 

If you can produce a small powerful motor for bal- 
loons you will find purchasers in short order. 

There is plenty of room for improvements in gas 
engines, particularly inthe very small and the very large 
Sizes. } 

Yet while the gas engine field is at least fairly well 
covered, that much cannot be said in the matter of oil 
engines. There is a great chance for some one to get 
up, in the size now made of gas engines, an engine 
which will use as fuel either crude oil or petroleum, 
and shall be as readily attended to, or not attended to, 


POWER. 29 


as the present gas engine for domestic and light manu- 
facturing purposes. 

It is strange that the steam road wagon has been so 
little developed. Self-propelling steam road rollers 
are common enough, and some of them act as traction 
engines also on good roads; but the steam carriage for 
ordinary roads is of the future. Perhaps the naphtha 
launch motor idea can be adapted to service in our 
ordinary streets and highways. 

The storage of power has been attempted only in a 
petty way. What we want is to be able to store up 
the force of a storm of wind, or of a flash of lightning ; 
to be able to bottle up the force of spring freshets so as 
to be able to use it when the streams are low or dry. 
And if, in addition, we can be taught how to store up 
that power in such a way that it can be carried from 
place to place, we should reward the inventor. 


OHHH GED 


30 TIP S-TOANV EN TORS. 


CHAPAI Rava 


IN RAILWAY LINES. 


There is a chance for practical inventors to change 
the whole idea of railway train braking. The brake 
should be applied to the rail and not to the wheels of 
the train. Brakes applied to the wheels simply permit 
the train to skid, and cause flat places on the wheels. 
Brakes applied to the rails would ease the momentum 
of the train in friction between it and something not 
within itself. 

There is need of a device by which a train can be 
stopped at any point in its run from any station of a 
line. This is needed not only in the case of “ wild” 
engines which have escaped control, but for trains 
which have gone past a signal, or have not heeded it 
or are not within signalling range. 

The problem of car-heating is not yet as well solved 
as it needs to be and as it will some time in the future, 
when the deadly car-stove is definitely abolished from off 
the face of the entire earth. One reason for the obstinate 


IN RAILWAY LINES, 31 


retention of the car-stove is that the ‘‘ powers that be”’ 
are waiting for the best thing which can be produced 
to supplant it. The field is still open for intelligent 
competition of brains. 

A station indicator which will show what will be the 
next stopping place and will skip those at which the 
train does not stop, is loudly called for by the travelling 
public, and railroad officials and employees would be 
prejudiced in its favor. 

Did any one—expert or non-expert—ever see a per- 
fect rail-joint for steam roads? When we reflect that 
the joint is the weakest part of the road, and that by 
reason of its weakness the entire road is just as weak 
as that weakest part, the importance of the matter 
will appear. 

As our timber supply is getting less and less, there 
is more and more need for a good iron or steel railway 
tie. 

There isstill room for another snow plow—one 
which will cut its way bodily through deep snow and 
throw the material removed out of the way, where it 
will not cover the adjoining track. It must be able 
to throw the material from the right hand track 
clear over the left hand one and deposit it so it will 


not come down again. 


32 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


A platform weighing machine which will record the 
weight of each car of train passed over it ought to pay. 

Car starters for street railway lines have not been 
given enough attention. There must be something 
which will store up enough power when the car is in 
motion to start it easily when fully loaded, after it has 
been brought to rest. If it can be still further de- 
veloped so as to store up while on down grades a cer- 
tain amount of power, and give it out again on the up 
grades in aid of the horses, there will be money in it. 

The cable railway men have not yet found a perfect 
grip. The ones that they have are defective, and they 


know it. Verbum sap. 


MARINE. 33 


Crete bie V1. 


MARINE. 


The perfect boat model has not yet made its appear- 
ance. 

The perfect screw propeller is not yet in metal and 
probably is not yet on paper. Here is a wonderful 
chance for those who are “up” in the mysteries of pro- 
pulsion to produce something which will benefit man- 
kind and also make the inventor rich, if he handles his 
invention properly. Hydraulic ballast for large ocean 
steamers is not yet as perfectly applied as is desirable. 
Here is your chance. 

Can you make a better feathering paddle-wheel than 
those which are in use? If so, do not hide your light 
under a bushel. 

Jet propulsion of vessels is being tried, but there is 
plenty of room at the top in this line, and there is 
cash at the top for those who get there. 

Something better than the present naphtha launches 
would be snapped up greedily by those who love the 
water and have no knowledge of engine running. 


34 LIPS TOINVENTLORS, 


The great storm at Samoa should convince any one 
that there is need of a better anchor than those which 
failed to hold the ill-fated vessels in that notable 
harbor. 

There is also need of a better boat-disengaging hook 
than is used in our (or any other) navy. 

The life-boat offers an excellent opportunity for in- 
vention in a line which should be at once profitable 
and humanitarian. There is no boat which will stand 
a heavy sea without capsizing or being stove in. 

Any one who looks at the cumbersome methods em- 
ployed in dredging out our harbors (and even they are 
far in advance of those used in other countries) will 
admit on sight that there is need of better. 

The correct way to make a screw propeller is by 
some other method than those which have been tried. 
up to date. 


ee 


OUR COMMON ROADS. 85 


Crier dene LL, 


OUR COMMON ROADS. 


The horseshoe of the present is an abomination. 
There needs to be something which will save the hoof 
from undue wear and breakage, while at the same 
time permitting elasticity of movement when the 
weight of the body is alternately borne upon and taken 
from it. The present system of shoeing is not humane, 
nor is it economical. 

An improved roadway is needed in this climate ; 
something that will wear as well as stone, be as easy 
to pull on as asphalt and give the horses’ feet a good 
grip so that they will not slip even in rainy weather. 

A good enough monolithic street pavement has not 
yet been laid. Cobble-stones would vanish if we had 
something perfect and in one piece to take their place ; 
something which would give the horses’ feet a good 
grip while allowing the wheels of vehicles to run 
smoothly without great resistance or noise. 

The horseshoe and the perfect roadway for the 
horse’s foot to travel upon having been provided, there 


36 TIPS LOIN VAN Can 


should be produced a better wagon-wheel than at pres- 
ent exists. While American wheels are the best in the 
world, American roads are in the same ora greater 
proportion the worst; and there is needed a wheel 
which will have a strong yet elastic tire and be then 
less easily buckled than those which we have at 
present. 

And the street-sweeper. Cannot some bright Ameri- 
can bring forward a machine which shall do more than 
simply brush the dirt to one side or the other and 
leave thin wind-rows? There is demanded something 
which will take the dirt up bodily and put it into a box 
to be carried with it until the machine has reached the 
end of the route or the box is full. 


“Sie” 


LIEN TIL J: 3t 


CHAR VER VII 


eis 


The cactus and other Mexican fibre-bearing plants 
have not yet been made to yield up their fibre for tex- 
tile purposes, at a cost low enough to make it worth 
while to work them. 

When an umbrella woven in one piece as corsets are 
now produced is put on the market, the inventor will 
find the market waiting for it. 

And while the skilled inventor of textile machinery 
is about it why not producea stocking all woven in one 
piece, without any seam, and with double toes and 
heels, and extra strong knees for little folks ? 

If you can strengthen the sails of vessels by some 
composition which will not stiffen the fabric you can 
get rich. 

The chemical philanthropist who produces a com- 
pound which will fire-proof and water-proof textile 
fabrics at a low cost and without changing their ap- 
pearance or feel, ought to be a millionaire before his 
invention has been long on the market. If this can 


38 LIPS LOIN FINO hes 


be done without making the fabric air-proof as well, so 
much the better. Garments which will shed the rain, 
and boots which will exclude snow, while. permitting 
of the passage of air through their pores, would be very 
desirable. 


aS 


HEATING AND LIGHTING. 39 


CHAPTER IX. 
HEATING AND LIGHTING. 


An oil stove which will permit of broiling, can be 
used in the open air or where there are heavy draughts, 
and which may be kept burning ten hours at a time, 
should find hundreds of thousands of purchasers. 

There is need for the invention and manufacture of 
an appliance to put in an ordinary stove or kitchen 
range, by which petroleum may be burned without an 
offensive smell, right in the grate used at other times 
for coal. 

Those who have grumbled at excessive gas bills, 
think that there is room for a good household gas 
machine, which will make real illuminating gas, instead 
of carburetted air. In default of this let us have a 
good meter which will truly measure the gas which we 
buy. And while getting up a meter, get up three of 
them and enable the world to see that there is not only 
a good gas meter, but one which will satisfactorily 
measure steam and another which will properly register 
electric currents. 


Is there such a thing as a good joint for gas mains? 


40 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


If so, it doesn’t appear to have been either made or 
patented. | 

By reason of the great competition of electric light 
with gas there is a great demand on the part of gas 
companies for some form of gas-burner which shall pro- 
duce from a given quantity of gas per hour more light 
and less heat than is got by means of the present jets. 

Despite all the money that has been made in gas 
regulators, there are still needed improvements in that 
line. 

The ordinary glass lamp for burning petroleum is 
breakable, hence dangerous if upset. The metal lamps 
for the same purpose heat the petroleum, if they are 
kept burning a long time. A lamp which would not 
heat its contents by conduction, and which would be 
practically non-breakable if it fell from a table to the 
floor, would sell itself. 

The superheated steam oven is an invention which 
should pay to develop into practical form for every-day 
use by ordinary baking establishments. The idea of 
baking by steam has been tried and found very suc- 
cessful in large institutions. Who will give the baker 
around the corner, at a reasonable price, an oven which 
will run by steam only and give better satisfaction 
than the present coal-heated or wood-heated affairs ? 


WRITING AND PRINTING. 41 


CHAT GER 
WRITING AND PRINTING. 


Although there are plenty of stylographic and fount- 
ain pens in the market, there is yet chance for some- 
body to bring out one that is much better than they 
are, as many of them are better than the ordinary nib, 
which requires to be dipped. 

There are many good processes by which manu- 
script or other copy may be manifolded, but none fill 
the bill perfectly. Here is a chance, and a good 
one, for nearly all processes which have been brought 
out have paid, from the very fact that in hopes of get- 
ting a good one at the last, people were willing to try 
everything which came along. 

Get up a typewriter which will be as good as the 
best of those in the market, and will permit of every 
letter being seen as soon as it is made upon the paper. 
Then thank me for suggesting it to you. 

There is room for some one to produce printing 
types having a hard face, and a body which is not so 
slippery that the letters will hardly stand on their feet. 

Perfection in typesetting machines, which would 


42 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


make books cheaper and lessen the cost of all printed 
matter, is far from being reached. Machines which 
will set up a page direct, and do the justifying at the 
time the line is set up, ought to bring fame and fortune. 

Half-tone printing needs the inventor’s aid. As it 
is now, ordinary presses for printing from type forms 
must have engraved blocks, the printing surfaces of 
which are either type-high or below that, and print 
from only those portions which are type high, losing 
the half-tone effect. 

Are you able to invent an ink-distributing roller for 
printing presses, superior to those now employed ? 

It might seem impossible to print several colors at 
one impression, or at one passage through a printing 
press, but many things are being done now which were 
at one time considered impossible, or at least imprac- 
ticable, and perhaps this will prove to be one of those 
things. 

Printing on sheet metal has not been so thoroughly 
developed as it should be. There is plenty of room 
here. The process should preferably be not litho- 
graphic, but from relief surfaces. 

Can you make printing surfaces out of some material 
which shall be as light as celluloid, and as easily 


moulded, without being inflammable? 


WRITING AND PRINTING. 43 


Who will be the Moses of the art of copper-plate 
and steel-plate printing by machinery, in a manner 
commensurate in speed and cheapness with that em- 
ployed in ordinary book-printing from relief plates ? 

Any one who has ever lamented the miserable 
method of case-binding in vogue will confirm the state- 
ment that there is room for a better system, which 
will permit books to be opened out flat like an Oxford 
Bible and allow the entire page to be laid open to 
view. It must, of course, be as cheap as the present 


system. 


44 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


CHARTERSXL 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


Although hundreds of brick machines have been 
produced, and brick machines are demanded by manu- 
facturers, there is none which has been very generally 
adopted. Verbum sap. 

Fancy-colored (not glazed) bricks are demanded and 
not produced. Which of my readers will bring them 
out? 

Some day somebody will produce a system of glazing 
without putty, and will receive the thanks of all of us 
and the dollars of many of us. 

A platform weighing machine which will record the 
weight of each of a train of cars passed over it, ought ; 
to pay. 

No one yet has been able to bale bran. Whoever 
succeeds in doing with this material what is now being 
done with cotton, will find himself able to dictate terms ~ 
to capitalists. This is one of the things that are called 
for, not seldom, but often; not faintly, but loudly; not 
by outsiders, but by those who could use the machine. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 45 


Ties for cotton bales cost too much money. Some 
other way of fastening the bales is needed; and who- 
ever gets it should name his own price for it. 

There is more money ina good cotton picker than 
there has been in the cotton gin, and that is saying a 
good deal. 


It is about time now for someone to get ready to pro- 
duce a household filter for drinking water; something 
that will not clog up; that is easily cleansed or 
renewed, and will have capacity for rapid passage of 
the water. 


Is flexible glass too chimerical for American invent- 
ive genius? . 

The sash-cord and pulley method of holding windows 
at any height is very crude, and inventors might as well 
profit by that fact and bring out something which will be 
better. 

Machines for sewing on buttons seem to be justa 
little beyond our reach so far. When they come, if 
they do the work properly, rapidly and cheaply, they 
should be a pecuniary success. 

A box-nailing machine would be a good thing to get 
up, particularly if it could work on boxes of all sizes 
without much or any special adjustment. 


46 TIPS LTOAN VENDORS. 


The present machines for cleaning intestines for the 
use of sausage makers, do not do their work so well as 
they should. Better machines should sell well. 

Those who take an interest in matters warlike will 
find in the breech-loading cannon opportunity for them 
to try their mettle and their metal, too. 

Navigable balloons and aéroplanes for military and 
other purposes are not beyond the reach of human 
capabilities. Some very successful attempts have been 
made. There are details which need to be worked at. 
Whoever gets them down to a practical shape need 
have but little difficulty in sailing the air, and in going 
where he pleases. 

The air-gun as a weapon in regular warfare has not 
yet been given the attention which the possibilities of 
the case would seem to call for. Being smokeless and 
practically silent it should be a very useful weapon. 
We see what it can do in the way of throwing dy- 
namite. 

A good coal-cutting machine would bring buyers 
from all over this country, to say nothing of the world 
at large. Coal is too high. It should be got out of 
the mines more cheaply, so that no poor person need 
either freeze or shiver from one end of our broad land 
to the other. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 47 


_ Some one should get up a machine for sorting the 
slate out of coal—a ‘“‘dry”’ process preferred. 
Noone has yet produced a machine which would 
separate mica and graphite. 

If some one would go out in the oil region with a 
good “grapple” for well-boring tools he would have a 
mob of purchasers about him in short order. 

Moulding machines for iron foundries are not in gen- 
eral use because there are few, if any, that are good for 
anything. All that is wanted isa better one. The 
sale will come promptly. | 

Bone is avery difficult material to crush or grind. 
The machines at present used to effect this operation 
are very unsatisfactory. 

There is no good instrument for measuring the 
velocity of the wind or of a current of air. A good 
one could be used not only in scientific observations, 

but in the industrial arts. 
| Something in the way of an emery wheel machine 
for household use should sell well. The old-fashioned 
grindstone is too slow and rough, but there is nothing 
better offered for domestic purposes. 

The pyrometers which are on the market give at 
best but crude guesses at the temperatures which they 
are supposed to indicate. A good one would pay. 


48 LIPS LTOANV ENT ORS. 


Strange as it may seem, there has not yet been _put 
upon the market a good ball bearing or roller bearing 
for engine shafts and machinery generally. The manu- 
facturers of bicycles seem to have got what is wanted, 
but in larger sizes the field is yet open. 

Inventors of a surgical turn of mind might find it 
profitable to devote their attention to producing a good 
appliance for holding the patella or knee-cap when it is 
fractured. At present it is practically impossible in 
nearly every case. 

Cremation would be more rapidly introduced if there ° 
were a little more science and a little more common 
sense in the furnaces which have been proposed and 
tried for effecting it. A man may be willing to risk 
spoiling the making of a batch of steel by an imper- 
fectly made furnace, but no one wishes to try—even 
upon his mother-in-law—an imperfectly working cre- 
‘matory. 

The man or the woman who will get up something 
better in the way of dress attire for the sterner sex than 
the present high hat will deserve well of his or her 
countrymen. 

All the foregoing are possible things to produce. 
There are many things for which we would all devoutly 
pray if we thought they could be produced; as, for 


MISCELLANEOUS. 49 


instance, an automatic janitor who would not steal coal 
and would not read our papers in the morning before 
sending them up; a self-acting mechanical barber who 
would not eat onions or garlic and would not smoke 
bad cigars nor tell you how sick he was the day before. 
These are consummations devoutly to be wished, but 
there is little or no hope that they will ever appear. 

A sensitive cornet which would blow the player so 
full of flour, if he played falsely, that he could not play 
again for a week, would be a great boon to a suffering 
community; as would a machine which would pick the 
bones out of shad. 

I have enumerated many lines which offer substantial 
reward for practical inventive skill; but have not named 
them all, nor nearly all. Space would not permit this, 
Those who are interested in such subjects and are on 
the alert for “ tips’ concerning good directions in which 
to apply their talents, should keep their eyes and ears 
open and their mouths shut. 


50 TIPS TOLMNP ENG OR 


CHAPTER XE 
PERFECTING AND DEVELOPING. 


A few disinterested words about perfecting and 
developing your invention may not come amiss. 

Perfect your invention before you try to patent it. 
By “‘perfect”’ I mean get it into a practicable shape. 
Then you will not have to be constantly taking out 
patents at the same expense as the original one; will 
arrive at a working result just as quickly, and will not 
be giving other people the hint to work up the same 
line with yourself. 

Patent your invention before you put it into practical 
operation on a large scale. It is all very well to have 
right on your side, but an interference suit is a very 
unpleasant thing to have. Where it is possible, see 
that your process or machine is all right in every way - 
before you make your application for protection on it. 
It may turn out not to be worth protecting. It may 
be so valuable that it would be very bad policy to set 
any one else on the same hunt. 

Put your invention in practice before you try to sell 


PERFECTING AND DEVELOPING. 51 


it. This may to someseem very like saying, ‘‘ Don’t get 
in the water until you can swim ;’’ but what I mean is, 
do not make any serious attempts to interest capital for 
working your invention on a large scale before you 
have something tangible and practical to offer. It is all 
very well to interest some one with you in the prelim- 
inaries to help you make your first instrument, and to 
get your invention patented ; but when you come down 
to asking for money by the hundred thousand or even 
by the ten thousand dollars, you had better have a 
better bait than an undeveloped invention. 

In this connection let me caution you against show- 
ing imperfect models and sketches. Whenever you 
have anything to show to anybody else, anything to 
sell, see that you havea good sample or a good bait. 
A model ordrawing for which you have to apologize 
or which will fail you just when you want it to appear 
at its best, will not even draw money well for prelim- 
inaries; and as a bait for large capitalists, it is like a 
piece of watermelon rind for trout. 

Do not expect too much. It is all very well to say, 
“the higher you aim the further you shoot ;’’ but there 
are some distances at which no one could hit anything. 
You might aim straight up in the air and not be able 
to hit the moon. Don’t expect that millionaires are 


52 DiPos LOLI VICI Dae 


going to come around to your house evenings to in- 
terest themselves in your invention; or that they are 
going to drop their business and give you hour after 
hour, much less day after day, looking up what you 
have: millionaires do not make their millions that way. 
If vou get a presentable showing ready, understand it 
well, and are able to explain it promptly and without 
egotism or braggadocio, and to respond to all ques- 
tions which may be put to you on the subject, you 
need have little trouble in getting a long enough audi- 
ence—always supposing that your idea is in a line 
where invention is needed, and that all other condi- 
tions are favorable. You must not expect patents to 
be any more salable, nor salable under more adverse 
conditions, than merchandise. 

Don’t think that the whole country is lying awake of 
nights in the vain hope of having just such an inven- 
tion as you have produced, or think that you have 
produced. The country at large, and manufacturers 
and others in particular, will probably welcome your 
invention as soon as you have showed that it is an in- 
vention, that it isin aline in which invention is needed ; 
and that it will work. 

In getting it patented, avoid, as the devil does holy 
water, the “no patent, no pay” solicitors; and those 


PERFECTING AND DEVELOPING. 53 


who offer to get you full protection for about half the 
regular fee. The first are like quack doctors, the sec- 
ond like shoddy dealers. Get your patent through rep- 
utable solicitors, who will charge a good, living price 
and give you something that the next comer cannot 
drive a circus wagon through, band and all. 

Avoid shark patent-selling agents, particularly the 
kind who charge you for examining and advertising. 
Very few firms which sell patents will insist on such a 
fee. It is of course desirable that any one undertaking 
to sell a patent shall have, before he undertakes it, 
some idea of two things; first, that it is a good thing, 
and second, that the patent papers are well drawn. 
But there are many cases where the inventor can show 
the agent more plainly than he could find out for him- 
self, that the invention is a good one; and the name 
of the firm which has procured the papers should be 
the guarantee that they are well drawn. There are of 
course exceptions to most rules, and there are to this. 
But whether you pay an advance fee or not, see that 
the firm to which you offer the negotiation of your 
patent is well connected and well recommended, and 
has before successfully done business on a cash basis 
for other inventors. 

Avoid, on the one hand, too great haste in getting 


54 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


rid of your invention; but avoid also, on the other 
hand, too great delay. Do not let the sense of the 
importance of your invention keep it on your hands 
for three or four years after it is patented. Remember 
that a patent is not like realestate; it never gets more 
valuable with years. 

Before you spend any considerable amount of money 
—either your own or any one’s else, be sure: 


I. That it will work. 

2. That no one else has patented it. 

3. That there is an opportunity for its sale. 
4. That there is not too much competition. 


Many a man starts off and orders a fancy nickel- 
plated model, and applies for his patent, only to find 
that the idea will not work even the least little bit. In 
this matter the advice of some one well up in the 
theory, and of some one else well up in the practice, 
would be valuable. 

Many an application done up in all the bravery of 
type-writing, notarial seal and all that, has been re- 
jected like a bad penny, for the very simple reason 
that some one else had before patented the idea, or 
something enough like it to bar out the new comer. It 
is cheaper to have the ground gone over first by a pre- 


PERFECTING AND DEVELOPING. 5) 


‘liminary search made by a competent person, before 
the application is even written out. 

There are many good things which are very ingeni- 
ous, and perfectly novel and patentable, but which are 
in lines in which there would not be enough sale in ten 
years to pay the inventor the expense of getting out 
patents. Yet there are plenty of such things patented 
almost every week in this country. Sometimes there 
could be but one customer—say the Government, or 
some great corporation—and there may be reasons 
which are obvious, and others not so plain on the sur- 
face, that you could not even make them a present of 
your invention. 

There are some lines in which competition is so fierce 
that there would not be any use in coming into the 
field. If the Marquis of Worcester, Watt, Fulton and 
Morse, Whitney and Howe, Edison and McCormick, 
and a dozen more of the great inventors of the world, 
past and present, were to put their heads together, and 
get up a new car coupler, the chances are that they 
could not get thirty cents for the patent. The thing is 
over-done. 

You must bear some of the burden of the introduc- 
tion yourself. A capitalist may be willing to bet his 
hard dollars that your idea will work, if you have 


56 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


secured a patent; or he may be induced to bet that it 
is patentable, if you show him that it will work; but 
moneyed men who will bet that your invention is both 
patentable and practicable, are few and far between. 
If they make such a bet it will be with very heavy 
odds against the inventor. 

Don’t be unduly suspicious. Don’t fear that every 
man who takes more than a passing interest is going 
to steal it. All business is based more or less on trust. 
You trust some one every day. So does everyone 
else. There is no use in your showing every Tom, 
Dick and Harry what you have or expect to have; but 
if you show a man anything at all, do it with trust. If 
he is not trustworthy, do not show him or tell him 
anything. 

Don't take out a caveat. To do that simply offers a 
premium on some one letting you have the luxury of 
an interference suit. You pay ten dollars Government 
fee for a caveat, and your paper is filed. If some one 
else puts in an application for a patent, which inter- 
feres with your caveat, and the clerk who filed the 
caveat happens to remember your idea, you are then 
notified that it is your special privilege to defend your 
property. 

Fight shy of patent-selling bureaus, the proprietors 


PERFECTING AND DEVELOPING.. 57 


of which profess to be “very near” this, that and the 
other great head of a corporation or of a Government 
department. Any man who has a good thing to sell. 
and is of business habits and good address, could get. 
near enough to anyone who wants to know of new and 
good things, to be able to show what you have, and for 
the person addressed to be able to reject it if it is not 
good. Men with a “pull” are as a general thing to be 
avoided, particularly if they brag of that pull. There 
are of course men who havea pull; they have it be-. 
cause they deserve it. But all the pulls in the world 
would not pull invention from the slough of worth- 
lessness to the high ground of merit; and men who - 
have a really good pull with really great men, are not 
going to risk spoiling their pull by showing them poor 
things, and as a general thing the men witha pull are 
harder to get at than the people with whom they have 
the pull. 

In most cases the best way for the inventor is to 
license others to use his patent, paying either so much 
per thousand articles made, or so much for the right 
to make in a certain State, or so much for the right to 
apply the invention to certain things. 

Thus, if it is an invention in the line of machine 
made shoes, so much per thousand pairs; if a driving 


58 ; TIPS TV LNVENTORS. 


— 


wheel or something that once applied cannot be moved, 
so much per State or per county (based on the popula- 
tion); if it isa compound like celluloid, so much for 
the right to make combs, so much for the right to make 
collars and cuffs, etc. 

What patents are worth is a question often asked. 
There is no answering it. The inventor very seldom 
places his estimate too low. Some men have made 
millions out of a single patent; others have lost all 
that they could make and borrow. There has been 
about as much made in some lines, on royalties paid 
by infringers, as by the inventor himself—sometimes 
more. An invention in the hands of some men might 
realize a hundred thousand dollars profit; worked by 
others, one thousand. No one can look upon a block 
of land and say how much could be made out of it by 
a skillful real estate boomer, The range in values of 
patents is even greater than in the case of land. An 
invention which is based upon a patent and owned by 
some one else, might not be worth the match that it 
would take to set it on fire. While, of course, those 
who have inventions of their own are glad to have 
them made as valuable as possible, there are cases 
where a thing already patented is so good and has cost 
so much to get it on the market that the maker doesn’t 


PERFECTING AND DEVELOPING. 59 


want to bother with any improvements. If a thing is 
twice as good as its rivals, and has the field to itself to 
the extent of the maker’s ability to manufacture it, 
there is very little inducement for him to get up new 
designs, patterns and plans for the sake of making it a 
little better. The only time for him to do that is 
‘when his rivals have got somewhere near him. 

_ There may be those who think that in these pages 
I discourage invention. I don’t. But I think that it 
is criminal to encourage people who have poor things 
or good things that would not be practicable to work 
up, in spending their time and money in inventing and 
patenting. 

There are very few inventions which can be well worked 
up and worked out without the aid of drawings; and too 
few inventors can make mechanical drawings, no matter 
how crude, which will show their ideas so well that they 
can be worked from by pattern-maker or other mechanic. 
Another thing which is very important in this connec- 
tion: it is very much easier to alter a thing on paper 
than in wood or metal. Proper mechanical drawings 

of most inventions can be made, and will reveal weak- 
nesses or excellences which would not at first strike the 
mind. If you do make a drawing be sure that it is a 
sensible and practical one; that is, that it truly—even 


60 LLP Sil OLIN LAV 2 Oa 


if crudely—represents the object. A drawing which 
shows the front and two sides and part of the back of 
a machine or article is apt to be misleading—to be 
worse than no drawing at all. 

If you find that you cannot work out the details of 
what you want, call in outside help. There are plenty 
of wise heads engaged in just that business—criticising 
and developing crude ideas. Where an inventor may 
not be exactly able to draw or even to suggest just 
what he wants, the professional adviser or any other 
good sound practical man who Is posted, may fill in the 
blank at once, or what is of equal importance prevent 
the adoption of something which would not work well 


Ordtrai: 


SELLING PATENTS. 61 


CHAPTER XIII. 
SELLING PATENTS. 


PAPER READ BEFORE THE POLYTECHNIC SECTION OF 
THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, MAY 24TH, 1888. 


BY ROBERT GRIMSHAW, PRESIDENT. 

In undertaking to sell a patent for an inventor, the 
“ promoter” or whatever other name may be given to 
the person who undertakes the task of turning the in- 
ventor’s brains into money, often (and it may be said 
generally) encounters several obstacles which are in 
fact of such frequent occurrence as to be considered 
almost inseparable from such transactions. It might be 
interesting to recall some of the difficulties which are 
met, with a view perhaps to aiding some who have in- 
ventions of which they wish to dispose, to place their 
invention upon the market. 

In the first place the most difficult thing to persuade 
an inventor is that an invention has little value of 
itself; that its value is what it may be made to produce 
by intelligent work at the right time, in the right place, 
by the right people, and among the right class of pur- 
chasers and users. There are few if any inventions 
which anybody is lying awake at night in the expec- 


62 LIP ST OCIN VENDORS, 


tation of getting. People of the present day are very 
comfortable, very well satisfied with most things that 
they have. So with their fathers, so with their grand- 
fathers before them. Nobody really needs anything. 
Nearly all of our actual wants and necessities are grati- 
fied. Our present wants are largely artificial; and while 
they are increasing, and while we are willing to pay for 
the gratification, we are not uncomfortable on account 
of the lack of any single invention as yet unproduced. 
Now if this be true of an invention, that it has little 
value of itself, it is still more so of a patent, which is 
simply the title deed to an idea, and which title deed 
may or may not be valid or valuable. 

I hope that it will be pardoned me if I make the re- 
mark that the average inventor is so ingrained in con- 
ceit as to stand very much in his own light. He is 
bright and has individuality, although he may not pos- 
sess originality; but that fact has no bearing whatever 
upon the value of his patent. The brilliancy, or popu- 
larity, or wealth of a man owning a house of which he 
wishes to dispose has no bearing whatever upon the 
selling value of that property. All that the purchaser 
wishes to know is whether the property has any value, 
whether that value is at least equal to the selling price, 
and whether the title is clear and can be properly trans- 


SLLLING AEA TENT S. 63 
ferred in payment of the purchase money. But the in- 
ventor’s conceit very often steps in between him and 
the buyer; and at times with such offensiveness as to 
render the completion or negotiation absolutely im- 
possible, if the purchaser has any self-respect, which is 
generally the case. 

Another thing which very often comes up when an 
inventor is fixing a value upon his invention or upon 
his patent is that he generally claims to have spent 
years of labor in the development and accomplishment 
of the idea. Now the purchaser does not care a sow 
marqué for that, any more than the purchaser of a 
house cares to know how many years it took the 
builder to save up money to erect it. It might have 
taken that inventor ten years to accomplish a certain 
result at which another would have arrived in ten 
months or ten weeks. It may be the inventor's fault 
or it may not that the attainment of a result consumed 
a large amount of time or extended through a long 
period. But whether it is his fault or his misfortune 
has no bearing upon the market value of the inven- 
tion; in fact, the statement that an invention has 
taken years of labor to accomplish might more truly 
be taken as an indication of the inventor’s incapacity 
and of the probability that if any improvement is de- 


64 LIPS TOVINVENT ORS 


sired it will take several years more to effect it, instead 
of its being producible upon short notice. 

There is another thing which very often interferes 
with the sale of patents, and perhaps more so with 
realizing on those which come more nearly to being 
demanded by the public than with any others. Those 
people who have the power to treat for the purchase 
of inventions in such lines have such frequent applica- 
tions made to them by inventors more or less com- 
petent, having inventions more or less practicable, and 
secured by patents more or less valuable, that they are 
tired of being bored with offers of any kind of patent; 
and an invention has to be not only unusually good, 
but backed by considerable personal influence in order 
to secure even the most hasty consideration. 

One of the first questions which is asked when the 
negotiation of a patent iscommenced is generally—* Is 
the invention practical? Willit work? Will it keep 
on working? Will it save time? Or money? Or 
trouble? Or risk?’”? One more important query in 
this connection is as to practicability. “Has it been 
tried? If so, when? Where? By whom? And 
under what practical working conditions?” If the 
inventor only has the idea, or a little five-cent model, 
or perhaps only the ghost of the idea that he is going 


SELLING PATENTS. 65 


to have an invention, it is rather hard to induce any 
one to advance money upon this immaterial article of 
property. I think it was Oscar Wilde who referred 


’ 


most esthetically to “unkissed kisses.’’ One would 
imagine that they would have very little value; but 
they are just as valuable and just as tangible as the 
unthought thought; the thought that the inventor 
thinks that he is going to think, and thinks that no one 
else has thought before him. Some of these ideas or 
ghosts of ideas against which the inventor wishes the 
capitalist to plank down his hard dollars, have about as 
much substance as a piece of wind tied up with a 
string: and the title deed to such aérial property will 
probably be difficult to record, establish, or sell. 
Apropos of title deeds, it must be remembered that a 
patent paper is simply a record descriptive of the 
property, and certifying that the landmarks and 
boundary lines were established and laid down, and 
handed in to the Office of Record onacertain date, 
by acertain person who made the statement (based 
either on imagination or on strong presumption), that 
he was the discoverer or originator of the property to 
which the description and boundary lines refer. The 
mere possession of a piece of paper issued by the U.S. 
Patent Office and having a handsome title page with a 


66 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


- 


————s 


blue ribbon and a red seal, dues not mean anything in 
particular. The Patent Office officials and employees 
are fallible, like other men. Pieces of property worth 
millions of dollars have been taken away from those 
who have been in actual possession, by some one who 
has proved that the title deeds were imperfect. If this 
is the case with realty which has always existed, and 
of which the certainty of title increases with age, how 
much more is it likely to be so with the title to an 
idea! But asa general thing the inventor considers 
his possession of a little piece of paper with a red seal 
to be beyond the possibility of any doubt; and objects 
to paying the expenses of having this title searched. 
Another question which is most natural is, “ Has the 
invention been perfected? Or is still crude, and will it 
demand the delays and expenses of frequent and radi- 
cal changes, and the issue of more patents upon these 
improvements?” The evolution of an idea is as in- 
teresting as that of man from the monkey. It often 
undergoes more changes. It very seldom emerges full 
blown from the inventor's brain, and often the third 
or the fourth stage of evolution bears very much less 
resemblance to the original than man does to the pri- 
meval monkey from which he is said to have descended 
(although perhaps ascended may be the better word). 


SELLING PATENTS. 67 

Another question which is a proper one for the intend- 
ing investor to ask is this:—‘‘ Is the man who offers to 
sell the invention the owner of it? Is his title clear? 
Or has he mortgaged a quarter interest to one person 
and one-eighth to another, and so on for the purpose 
of raising money to develop it, so that there are either 
recorded or unrecorded claims against it which might 
make it difficult for the purchaser to do anything with 
it?’’ Still another question :—“ Does the value of the 


invention covered by or referred to in the patent depend: 


upon some other patent to which it is attached in per- 


fection?” If this is the case, it can readily be imag- 
ined that such a patent could have a value very much. 
like that of a plot of ground which is entirely sur-. 
rounded by other pieces of property through which the 
owner of the central plot has no right of way. 

One of the very hardest things of which to persuade 
an inventor is that no one can afford to invest money 
in a patent which is not yet allowed. There are a 
great many reasons why (although the inventor may 
act in good faith)the issue might be absolutely im- 
possible. 

There are very many cases where the application after 
having laid in the Patent Office for two or three years, 
has been thrown out; and out of the whole number of 


Hee gi, 


68 LIPS TO INVENTORS. 


applications made, not one-third is covered by papers 
issued. 

The mere fact that there may be nothing in the 
patent records which in the judgment of the inventor 
or of a competent title searcher may conflict with his 
idea, is no proof that there may not be something in 
everyday use that is not patented, and which is in fact 
so old as to be absolutely unpatentable. Or there may 
‘be something now in process of examination in the 
Patent Office which may be identical with the idea, to- 
wards the patenting of which the inventor wishes 
money to be advanced. 

Again, as regards the issue of patents. The Patent 
Office may be “cranky.” It may take a notion not to 
patent a certain idea; and whether that idea is reason- 
able or unreasonable, has very little bearing on the 
subject; but the only way to compel the issue of such 
case is a most tedious and expensive one. 


One thing which tends to lessen the value of a patent 
in its very earliest stages is that there may be very few 
customers for the idea, sometimes only one, as in the 
case of ordnance; and naturally the value of an idea 
which is only saleable to two or three people is very 
much less than that of one which will suit millions 
direct. 


SHLLIVG PATENTS: 69 


Then again, there may be inthe market some other 
thing, patented or unpatented, which is just as good as. 
the invention offered, if not better; or which may be 
just as good and very much cheaper, or which may be 
controlled by the only person to whom the patent 
which is offered for sale may be saleable. 

A patent may be most excellent in itself, but the 
country may be already supplied with some other 
invention and it may be impossible to make a change. 
For instance: In the matter of continuous air brakes 
for railway trains—if you were to have a patent fora 
very much better invention than the existing one 
which is used on all the great trunk lines, you would 
find it perhaps difficult or perhaps impossible to intro- 
duce it on any one line, because the present continuous 
lines are already equipped with a particularly satisfac- 
tory system, and all roads wishing to do business 
with connecting lines, must be equipped similarly with 
those other lines, and it will be found impossible to 
change on any one line without making the same 
change on all the others, which would involve 
throwing away the present appliances and replacing 
them with the new. 

It is of the utmost importance for a patent to be 
properly taken out. The old saying that he who con- 


10 TIPS TO INVENTORS, 


= = — _ ——__—_—_—_—_—— — as — 


ducts his own case in court has a fool for a client, 
applies with even greater force to the amateur patent 
solicitor. The chances are that such patent will have 
no value asa title deed. It is curious enough that the 
man who would not prepare the title deeds to a piece 
of property worth $2,000 or $3,000, will attend to his 
own patent soliciting in taking out the papers for an 
invention which he himself deems worth $40,000 or 
$50,000. | 

The inventor must bear in mind that no one is going 
to be so interested in any patent as to go to more 
trouble and expense than the inventor himself is will- 
ing to undergo, to look into the matter under negotia- 
tion. The inventor must present the case fully and 
freely ; supply all necessary documents, models, draw- 
ings, specifications, testimonials and statements, and 
he must not expect an intending purchaser to put him- 
self out even to the expense of a postage stamp in 
order to find out anything about the invention offered 
for sale. 

The suspicion which so often characterizes the in- 
ventor isa great bar to his progress. He too often 
considers that the whole world is leagued against him 
in order to prevent the introduction of his patent, or 
that whoever looks into it for the purpose of buying, is 


SELLING PATENTS. 71 


merely endeavoring to get points from it so as to enable 
him to steal the idea. Asa matter of fact the world out- 
side cares very little one way or another about the 
inventor; he is to the world at large either a nonentity 
oracrank. The world at large cares neither for him 
nor for his idea, nor for the patent onit. It simply 
regards him as some one who intends to exploit the 
community for as large a sum as possible; and expects 
to be bored concerning the invention, and in some few 
cases individuals hope to receive profit in return for 
this boring and for the money which they advance. 

There is another thing which the inventor should 
write in capital letters in his mind—that apologies are 
no good. The invention must be ready to work. It 
must work when shown. There is no use in trying to 
make the purchaser believe that the industrial world 
will have to be reorganized in order to suit the imper- 
fect work of a new invention. It must do work that 
people call for. The purchaser of an invention has 
enough to do to perfect and embody the thing mechan- 
ically and introduce it commercially, without under- 
taking a missionary enterprise, converting people in 
general to the inventor’s theory as to what should be 
produced or how it should be used. 


A word of caution may be given even to the most 


~J 
to 


LIPS TOINVEN TORS, 


suspicious inventor; transact no business in refer- 
ence to either taking out or selling patents except with 
persons whose integrity is unquestionable. Having 
found such persons, do not be suspicious of them. 

It is a bad plan to ask capitalists to advance money 
upon an invention for the purpose of patenting it, for 
two reasons. First, there is considerable risk in the 
matter—much more than the inventor thinks; and sec- 
ond, such a course shows either poverty or lack of faith 
upon the part of the inventor in his own invention. In 
either case he will get less for his patent than if he 
raises the money to perfect his title deeds in another 
quarter than the one where he expects to sell the 
invention. 

A word as to caveats. The U.S. Patent Office is in 
most respects very liberal to inventors, and extends a 
helping hand to them in every way, particularly in the 
matter of giving them six months between the allowing 
of a patent and its final formal issue; but in the caveat 
the office lays a trap into which many an inventor 
stumbles. A caveat is simply a piece of paper for 
which the Government fee is ten dollars, certifying that 
on a particular day the inventor lodged in the Patent 
Office a paper descriptive of his invention. If at some 
time after the issuing of the caveat and during the one 


SELLING PATENTS. 73 


year’s period of so-called protection, some one else 
lodges in the Patent Office an application which con- 
flicts with the one which is the subject of the caveat, 
and if the clerk who filed away the application fur- 
nished by the caveat happens to be still in the service 
of the said office, and happens to remember that he 
filed away such an application, then the inventor is. 
notified by the Government that he has the right to 
commence an interference suit—one of the most ex- 
pensive things in which an inventor or his backers can 
indulge. 

The first government fee upon the application for a 
patent is but five dollars more than that for the caveat, 
and gives the inventor a status and arecord. There 
are very few caveats which have been issued that are 
worth the paper upon which they are printed. 


So Blow 


76 TIPS TO INVENTORS. 


STATISTICS OF THE PRINCIPAL 


—_— mere 


CounTRIES. Population. | Square Miles. Capitals. 
Dritish “Win pire 2-000: gave one z | 827,645,000 9,043,577 | London. 
BING ics one area Ae ee 803,241,969 4,468,750 | Peking. 
Russian Boamplreico 27 age ese 108,787,244 8,457,289 § St. Petersburg. 
France.and Colonies ....2- 2. ...-. | 65,894,242 1,167,239 | Paris. 
MIANOC ea ctesecce cs oe eee 38,218,903 204107), See 
Colonies Ga ibute tea oe cannes 27,675,339 963,062\.|. 2 ee ae 
inited Stateg sir. s. 6 i, ore eames 62,622,250 3,602,990 | Washington, 
German Minpites: #.-sa.0 te aoel oe 46,855,704 211,168 | Berlin. 
Prissiate 2 on eee eens 28,313,833 134,467 Berlin. 
Wavatia 22 t. 2 cee edne Pa ae ee 5,416,180 29,291 | Munich. 
WMO cae oreo oanien st ae eee 3,129,168 5,789 | Dresden. 
Wiuxrtemb erp seer sso rere sate 1,994,849 7,531 | Stuttgart. 
Badensast oe ac cone Sees oes 1,600,839 5,803 Karlsruhe. 
Alsace. Lorraine: seas. se eree 1,563,145 5,602 |- 22S 
Hesse tes on te a eee renene 956,170 2,965 | Darmstadt. 
\ 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin --_.-.- 575,140 | 5,137 | Schwerin, 
Hamburg bee wsace 12tece Saree 518,712 | 158' | (soos 
Brunswick ‘ex cco. wes esaeeenene 372,580 1,425 | Brunswick. 
Oldenburg =. 20.03". c sarees ee 341,250 2,479 | Oldenburg. 
Saxe: Weimar snp cnsacha eae 313,668 1,387 | Weimar. 
Anhaltt.s 23h: wap tee aoerenoe 247,603 | 906 Dessau. 
Saxe-Meini gen_......-.-..-- 214,697 953 | Meiningen. 
Saxe-Coburg Gotha. _--..._._- 198,717 760 | Gotha, 
Bremény-= cease ease eee 166,392 99. |) 2 
SaseAltenbure <222 <6 ca. ccne 161,129 511 | Altenburg. 
LipP¢ 2 Jane eee eer 123,250 472 | Detmold. 
Reuss (younger line)----..... 112,118 319 | Gera. 
Mecklenburg-Strelitz --.--.--- 98,371 1,181 | Neu Strelitz. 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt--..-- 83,939 363 | Rudolstadt. 
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen -- 73,623 333 | Sondershausen. 
Gaubeck Sosa peo aae anaes 67,658 115 |) 2 2 ee 
Waldeck 2055 iA. Becta cee oes 56,565 453 | Arolsen. 
Reuss (elder line) .....-.----- 53,787 122 | Greiz. 
Schaumburg Lippe ...-------- 7 204 131 | Buckeburg. 
Austro-Hungarian Empire-.-.-.---- 41,827,700 201,591 | Vieuna. 
Napant =o ooo nee on eae ee oe 39,607 234 147,669 | Tokio. 
Netherlands and Colonies ..---.-- 33,042,238 778,187 | The Hague. 
arkishEapiress.. - eee ee eee 32,000,000 1,731.280 | Constantinople. 
Italy, 28 See eee 29,699,785 110,665 | Rome. 
Spain and Colonies 3.--2- 2-22 =. - 24,873,621 361,953 | Madrid. 
Brazilyaes ae eee eee ee 14,000,000 3,219,000 | Rio ce Janeiro. 
Mexico? 22-2 oper eek ae 11,520,041 751,700 | Mexico. 
Corea G2 ia esa ee ae eee 10,519,000 85,000 | Seul. 


* Also enumerated with the Turkish Empires 


wt ASL OLIC OS. 


COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD. 


CouNTRIES. | Population. | Square Miles. 
- | we nt tS. 
Bonee OS | 8,000,000 | 802,000 
1 he 2S SSeS ee anaes | 7,653,600 636,000 
Donicel Audi Colonies .5..25-% 2.5. 7,249,050 240. 691 
ORAM "ot i Se eee | 6,806,381 | 494.000 
Sweden and Norway ----...------ | 6,774,409 298,974 
URS Locate. a rr 6,500,000 314,000 
elstnmeeseses.-- 6 2... = 3. 6,030,043 11,373 
SOY O00) oe 6,000,000 106,300 
“SU en nO ee ah a en ee 5,700,000 280,550 
LE Kev ub a2 ais] Sa 5 ple I op ae 5,376,000 46,314 
Argentine Republic --......-...-.- 4,200,000 1,095,013 
OG TEM OV Git v3 5 a en Sa a ae 4,000,000 331,420 
mtrhamstamoees.cs 6.25. -th525 55... 4,000,000 279,000 
OS eS ee ee 3,500,000 280,000 
PUDVASIIA Motes ance use m e gan Sete ce 3,000,000 129,000 
ID S3U Ae 2,970,000 405,040 
ie galsegcrd era) el ee ne 2,933,334 15,981 
“ONIN 3380 =a 2,665,926 256,860 
Shiv odes a 2,300,000 472,000 
Eqasge <2... er ee 2,187,208 24.977 
Den rei g ie Bs Si ae ee a ea eee 2,172,205 14,789 
Mente mileliete se. as ee oe 2,121,988 566,159 
S)niph! (aS Ssc. tk TS ee ae oe 2,096,043 | 18,757 
LAVOE NS DRG yee SA ae oer | 2,007,919 24,700 
INKS E SS ee 2,000,000 56,800 
Cochin nina fess. Stee cece oe 1,642,182 22,958 
(UNDE SSe Ra BO oe 1,600,000 81,000 
“CrUM TET ty SS Oo Se ae 1,427,116 46,774 
Mintive ar memes wks ot) Des 1,146,000 144,000 
j Ls WOPSYIS Yes gee 1,050,000 14,000 
(ep oll a ae rr ee 800,000 110; 193 
UG EN 335 700,000 72,112 
[Nae oe a er re 700,000 | 22,320 
Sauber | ss Soa eee a 651,130 7,228 
[RICK tis 5 a 550,000 | 29,830 
Peat Ao Atee sen fee = aa ae os 476 000 145,000 
TU a6 beste Soh 2 ea A I a ee 431,917 42,658 
Mearariadis 225.) 2sce S22 400,000 51,660 
Dpminican Republic --. 2.2.2.2. 350,000 20,596 
MinreneerO. on. cess (522.22. 2- 245,380 3,486 
CEQERES JIT) SS ei ee an a, ee 213,785 19,985 
Orauce Pree State. ....2.- <2 22225] 133,518 41 484 
TRL ERICA 55) lel eh Sa a il | 86,647 6,587 


Capitals. 


Cairo. 
Stockholm. 


Fez. 
Brussels. 
Hue, 
Bangkok. 
Bucharest. 


Buenos Ayres, 
Bogota. 

Cabul. 
Anton'narivo. 


Santiago, 
La Paz. 


Athens. 
Copenhagen. 
Caracas. 
Belgrade. 


Sofia. 
Khatmandu., 
Saigon. 
Muscat. 


N. Guatemala, 
Quito. 
Monrovia. 
Pretoria. 


Montevideo. 
Khiva. 

San Salvador. 
Port au Prince. 


Asuncion. 
Tegucigalpa. 
Managua. 

San Domingo. 


Cetigno. 

San Jose. 
Bloemfontein. 
Honolulu. 


+ Also enumerated with the Colonies of France. 


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80 


LIPS TOINV IN ORS. 


POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1890. 
(From the Report of the Superintendent of the Eleventh Census.) 


STATES AND TERRITORIES. 


The Wnited'States-_-__2--_- | 


North Atlantic Division__--| 


NVaAIne Lo ee ee oe es 


Vermont DSU gecdied cheb BO A 


NEW] CTS€y 22er anes eee 
Penns ylvallasaeesss eee o ae 


South Atlantic Division- -_-__- 


Maryland _~..-.-.--.. -=-=.- 


NViroiniajet tae eo 
West: Vargas se) ee 
INorthiGarolinasees--eee = 
South Carolinge-e---oseee= 
(Georgia fete eee eee 
Florida 


Northern Central Divirion-- 


Ohio 


aT inOise oar eat eee ee eee 
Michigan 


Population. 


62,622,250 


17,401,545 


661,086 
376,530 
332. 4422 
2,238, 943 
345, 506 
746,258 
5,997 853 
1,444,933 
5,258,014 


857,920 


168,493 
1,042'390 
230,392 
1,655,980 
762.794 
1,617,947 
1,151,149 
1.837353 
391,422 


22,362,279 


4,672,316 
2'192)404 
3'826,351 
2'098;889 


STATES AND TERRITORIES. |Population. 
Wisconsin....44:26s5a06 Sone 1,686,880 
Minnesota 2S sess eee 1,301,826 
lowa..-2 2 eee 1,911,896 
Missouri . $2-3-<02-eeeee 2,679,184 
North Dakotas sass a= =e 182,719 
South, Dakotas sss asses 328,808 
Nebraska, 23222 ee eee 1 058, 910 
Kansas . ttc. eee 1 "427 096 
Southern Central Division_| 10,972,893 
Kentucky -225.c05 seca 1,858,635 
Tennessee); >-- —=-= eee 1,767,518 
Alabama _222:. . <.- Seem 1,513,017 
Mississippi2.._2-- 22 1,289,600 
Louisiana 2222. s- 2 -eaee 4, 118, 087 
Texas... 2 "235, "523 
Indian Territory @ 22222235)) ee 
Oklahomasi0..4= ee 6 61,834 
Arkansas 225... 2-6. eee 1,128,179 
Western Division.-..--..-- 3,027,613 
Montana.2.45.. 452: anee eee 182,159 
Wyoming 2" =. eee 60,705 
Colorad0 222k 2se ee 412,198 
New: Mexico: 2222-2 eee “153,593 
Arizona ~22) 233 eee 59,620 

tah-i..-) ek acon 207,905 
Nevada ic. ceeeeee eee 45,761 
Idaho: .2 3) 84,385 
Alaska ¢..00 Sl sencues eet 
Washington 222225. =. see 349,390 
Orevon . J.-..5.2 eee 313,767 
California: 2.252. 52 s2esee 208,130 


a The number of white persons in the Indian Territory is not included in this 
table, as the census of Indians and other persons on Indian reservations, which was 


made a subject of special investigation by law, has not yet been completed. 


& In- 


. cluding 5338 persons in Greer County (in Indian Territory), claimed by Texas. c The 
number of white persons in Alaska is not included in this table, as the census of 
Alaska, which was made a subject of special investigation by law, has not yet been 


. completed, 


SLA LIST IGS. 


POPULATION OF CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Census of 1890.* 


81 


rew vork City -._-..--.-- 


“TSifer S200 Ne a oe 
Pemadeiphia, Pa ...._.....-.. 


oO) 1 


Sr pwis VO)... 2s5-.-<---.- 
BOSED UMASS. ooo s2-5n5-5-55- 
Jeeta ltey NY Ke 
man rancisco, Cal:.._....._.. 
ieiciniiatt, © 02 ...c-=-----u-- 
“epyelleiets fel Sa ae Ok 
TEES 6 ie 
Wew, Orleatis,) Las is.--.~--.-- 
[ETE ie cded ob) 2 ee ae rr 
Washineton, DiC... 2... 
MBSINGIC NICD eee oi as e5 ce 
Bisiwaukee, Wis_.--..:---..-- 
Rewatks Nl. J0so.-------5s-s-> 
Minneapolis, Minn ~--.------- 
ema City, NoW)a-2-2-5------ 
ieaursville, Koy 2°.2.-.----.... 
BiaatiaweN Gs 22 ~....-~22--- 
Pere ber NV ew -- =< 5-5. 
Steere Ninn -..-...----..- 
ianeeseaty, MO. ....-.<.-..- 
Prowidences i.) ~--..-.-.-_.. 
indianapolis ind... 222-222... 
falembeny bass... ouc2-- 45-5. 
Wenger Coleeseres 62 52555 
PDA Nag e Sees Se es 
ASoluaninids, 6) sestee eos. 
EIEAGHSe IN. Vecece-..c2-5~-.. 
WYiorcester.|IMasso-._-.......<.. 
RICEANLON tthe yates ~. == 
Newytaven, Conn... s.-2---.< 
MAGCHIMN OMG. Viac =~ 25a os ens 
PPALOESOUS ING Jisca.s2oo2-cscn<= 
Piece) <8 oo See ne 
few Vass... ...-..--.-- 
Nashville. Lenn -..2.—--..2s> 
albever, Nass). ------.----- 
Cambridee: Masso 27... 2.---2 
INERT (CE a a ee 
Memphis, Penn -....---.---+- 
Motand inapids, Mich--2...-22: 
Warmnimetony Wel. _ 2220/52. 


Troy, 


ReAdING beset: eee aan ee 
Wary Cone) on et eee Seer pe 
ERREINCOD A ENioy ester na meee 
Camden Neg yen ctv ep. fe 
LGV Iie NUASS soe ae oe ote 
LancolnseNiGp aes. sese 
Gharlestomsiss |G. ose sete nee 
tlarttonra, Connie sso. eer 
pb ORT EOE tows ayes weee 
Pvansvilley/Ind2os2-- e223. 
LospAnveless Cale 2s 222 25. 5: 
Des Momese la seocee eee 
Bridgeport, Conn. -- 222. 5222. 
Gakiand Galt ce ta aes ae Ae 
Portliande.Ore.= ees 2 es 
SacIUAWs VLC ee eae 
Maltelbakes Witaiesee ences 
awrence: WMass® sues e ase. 
Spline neld iviasss.e es eo 
Utica, N. Y 
Manchester, Nc Hie: See 

Seattle. wwWastte os -- ee a eer 

PAGUORED "ING. Jue elton 

PavanMal, Usae - esses ye 

eOris | Ml ve ante hele ss oe { 
New bedford, Mass 2-22-2222 
Manisburo wba ease ae we. 
Somerville, Massa.-2 2. 85254 
ire, ae ere set eae Bees aye 
SameAntonio, Lex...) 
Kansas ity Kane. cece see 
ALAS Te Cx Ree vee. ae =o ae en 
PIOUMAUIL Vw Laces sede See 
Elizabeth, N. J 
Wakes bane: sbamer oo-ohee oe 
i Cranalineg Soya lll Spi: a eee es 4 eo SG 
Mortland.s Wes ss. ees coos 
pbacomas Washi .o ce 2a. eee 
Holy okess Masses. eseete 
Orta Wave: lnGapes nee 
INGriOlkma Vidoes sere seas cee 
Binehanitony Ny You<d-. nesses 
Wilieeling Wes Vialae es oaecs 
MWomuostowss'O\sscs.- -a5 see ee 
Augusta, Ga 
Duluth, Minn _-.---. pees eo 
Springtield, Ji sas see eS 
ancastetmubaues sesame too mao 


_ * These returns are furnished from the United States Census Ovlice, with the 
notice that they are the first count, and are subject to revision. They include all’ 


civil divisions having 11,000 population and upward 
¢ Federal census of June, 1890. 


1890. 


t+ Municipal census of October, 
§ Municipal census of November, 1890, 


82 TIPS. TOINVENTORS, 


POPULATION OF CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES—Conlinued. 


Yonkers \ Ns Ye ee soe noe meee / 
Mobile* Ala 222) eee eee | 
Wopeka, hate er bere eee 
Ounce SS se ke 
Salem, Massie oe) ee ee ee 
Lonsdstand City. Ni ve. 


herre ELauterind see ere eee 


AU GCODAS PA Aces. cee eee 
Wubugiuetlac 2 aso 
(salvestoOn eX a et eee ee ee 
Chattanooga, Lennie s2se- sess | 
Waterbury, @onn sesso. ae 
Dayenport ras). ema. eee 
Bueblo City, Col) re ae ae 
Eoliperass Niggleconea oem wee oe 
Ghrelsea- (Mass seseeen ese es ees 
Bayecityve Michtsensecos cee zee 
ALON AG) ose ee orang ner eral 
Pawticeket) Ri lee cece eee 
rOustonsLex. se seen eee \ 
WolretsT IS es Sees e see 
Havernill, Nassheacc esses see 
Brockton, Massiso2. 224 see 
Walhamsport,) Pal 622s. ee sene = 
Canton, O23 282 ae eee. 
Sacramento, @al-22.52. 4) a2ta28 
Birmingham, Alae=sic2es-e-e9 
Auburn iN SY. osee setae ee 
Taumeton s\Miass' =) eee eee 
Allentown Pass soccer 
Tattle: RockvArio®. Sseseas se 
a Cross Gwen iceaes sane | 
Newport sKy2- 255). =e ee 
Springfield, Sil isos. 2. o55.eeee | 
Newton, (Masst asteeest 225 coe 
Wichita, (Kanteoe seo eea 
Roéktord )bllezs -a nee eee | 
igempstesd, NY eect 
etersburgei Varese mee reee 
iNew DUPSAUN. CY cece as oe | 
Malden, «Masses. ocean eee 
Boughkeepsie< NaN. -- see ane 
OshkoshiaWist-e seen | 
Macon. Gal foc seen es aoe 
Muskécon,) Mich’. 2228422324 
burlington piaeeesess oe ate | 
Kooxyille Denne. 2: 22220 se ae 
Cohoes «Ne Viselirs as ees eae 
lkexing tony ssa ee 
Blooniineton win, Yesteeeeeeee 
Hitch burro Masse tessa se 
Springtield SNiopse antec 
Oswéo0 SNe a Vice eecete ees 
Montromery, Ala sasacse ee 


South. Bend ind#=. esse 
Lewiston; Me meee. ae eee. 
Leavenworth, Kan ...._-....- 


Council Bluffs, Ja_-.2.. Seer 21,388 
Gloucester, hlass)__2- 2 eee 21,262 
Meriden, Conmg 2 .- =e 21,230 
Kingston, N. Yo.a2 eee | 21,181 
Zanesville, Ol s3l0a5.-2 eee 21,117 
Racine, Wis._..__----- ee | 21,022 
New Albany, Ind eee 21,000 
York, Pa....535 ceo eee | 20,849 
A martes Mich 22.232 ae Nk, 
oonsocket, Rv si: eee 20,759 
Fort Worth, Ticx 222... 
McKeesport, Pale... eee ae 
Lincoln, Ral 23.25 | 20,829 
Chester; ‘Pa Uso. =e | 20,167 
Wilmington, Ni-C_2_ 2 eee | 20,008 
Spokane Falls, Wash _-.----_-- 19,917 
Schenectady, N. ¥ ..2/2-caaee 19,857 
Lynchburg. Vases ee 19,779 
Norristown, .Pa. 22-2 eee 19,750 
Aurora, [ll =. .-.2 2c eee 19,684 
Newport, R. I. ._..) eee 19,449 
Danbury, Conn_-._ 2). eee 19,385. 
Nashua, N. H-:..22 == 19,266 
Sandusky, O.....-.2.) eee 19,254 
Bangor, Mez_..2. ..2232ee 19,090 
New Britain, Conn _.255e22ee 19,010 
Bayonne, N.' J _2.. 223 oeeeeee 18,993 
Orange, N. J.---..-2530.aeeeae 18,77 
Findlay, 'O_ 2... <2) 18,674 
Columbus; GaJ.....eseeeeueee 18,659 
Waltham, Mass...2.222. eee 18,522 
New Brunswick, W. J ---.....; 18,459 
Winona, Minn.<4242225.9 ee | 18,208 
Key West, Fla c.54...Jecoeeee | 18,058 
san: Jose, ‘Calis iuta 425 eee 18,027 
Cedar Rapids, Ia... Jee 17,997 
Norwalk, Conn s..cdsace seen 17,789 
Warwick, R: 122 eee 1/707 
Newtown, N. ¥ ..ceceuseeae 17,587 
Hamilton, @' 2....2ee0 Se eee 17,519 
Eau Claire, Wis.cce cee 17,488 
Elgin, lls. 22. 17,429 
Amsterdam. N.oMs.-.— eee 17,264 
Pittsfield, Mass_......5. Jeg) pee 
Jacksonville, Fla =... ages 17,160 
Concord, N. Hii 232 16,948. 
Richmond, Ind. lee 16,849 
Decatur, Ll... 22202 16,841 
Quincy, Mass ’s./J225-e eee 16,711 
Lafayette, Ind. 2 yoeeeeeeee 16,407 
New Brighton, N. Yacosasueee 16,400 
Sheboygan, Wis..2..essuneeae 16,341 
Norwich, Conn.J2.. 0 16,192. 
San Diego, Cal...23. eee 16,153 
Roanoke, Vaits.4-c2eeeeee 16,120 
North Adams, Mass -..------- 16,067 
Lockport, N. ¥as..5 eee 16,003 


Wd STL, 83 


POPULATION OF CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES—Continued, 
amestOwn oN. Yi-.0...-.-.--- 15,991 West, Proys (lar VY oA cceecess- 12,942 
iL oe ee a 15,970 WentBayg Citys lich oss 3 12,910 
EtamitOrds CONN ss... -..5<---- = 15,685 HannibaliMo sss) = oaace f= 12,816 
SSeS 2a rr 15,360 Manisted, Mich 22.205. 2050% 12,799 
OS i 15,324 alesse AN SC seo ae ke 12,798 
SGalespuros NL 22.54. 2.2 25-2 15,212 Dover piNe bi eae eee ates 12,779 
astore sous. Ill! es2222. 15,156 bansing ss Niiehi. tee aeee sce aoe 12,630 
cere wtan__-...>-.-....... 14,919 Brookhaven, Miss ..-....---..| 12,572 
Rome, New York.......-..-.-- 14,980 Portsinauth. Ola" oes ees ee 12,387 
Northampton, Mass..--.-.---- 14,961 PRC SOMA, calles 53g acl 2 12,357 
Lc itt Ee ies 14,734 Portsmouth, Vawl-2-25252-55 12,345 
Watertown, N. Y2S....--=-2:- 14,733 Breoline, 1 vlassse soe: see 12,076 
LATTA ee 14,566 Molines Dla oe tee ss 11,995 
Mest Diaes, Golson oo Se 14,508 Superior: Wiss: .2 24 ee ee oe 11,959 
MWiiCHEEbex! 2, wcnoooSe0 se 14,425 Pond di Lae. Wisi ees. 8 ou 11,942 
bid@geram. Welt... 2... =... -.- 14,418 Middletown, N. Yi los. --.2-- 11,918 
EOE Rta seal toe ooo hoses 14,376 More Ocott.) Mathes S02 soee | 11 837 
i let ee ir ae 14,369 Appleton, Wisis22. 7362. .1s8~ | 11,825 
Sev itee 4) Sa es 14,339 avletonwPaect-soe 2 eee: 11,818 
Puleeancriay Vader oon s+. 5s 14,318 Ristland. Vieesuee ese seat ee 11,757 
PAPGIESGINNKCAN oR vo oo neon ss 14,222 Pensacola wi lak pees ete tere 11,751 
TE eco? Ves dw 2 eae a 14,194 Hagerstown, Md. 32-22... =. 11,698 
LSS cil, (Ese a eae 14,185 Gheyenne, Wyo. sso-2 ete se. 11,693 
eco sale aes. 25 oz es se 14,075 Ogdensbure IN. eVoose ses .ase ee 11,667 
incopee, Mass .-...:.-:----- 14,007 New- Castle bates es 6 eee 11,581 
Poeansport, sind... .. 22-3225: 13,998 Leh acd ON; eVees tones oe 11,557 
Pe ee. 2s ---'-- 5 13,994 Danville, iil, oo essa. tu 11,557 
CO OS S 13,921 Rchiaricite, Nes ee 11,555 
Newburyport, Mass....-...-.- 13,914 Datrmetle pWiS? 5005 eis 11,513. 
elena ilontes .-2.---55. 525 13,834 Bhreveporte: Wace aooeess a eee 11,482 
Gloversville, N.Y 2-2-2-..<<-5: 13,796 Nebraska City? Nebs.=.-22- 11,472 
Ln 13,793 pridagetan, No ipo. 5.5 5n522.~< 11,471 
Marlborough, Mass..-......-.- 13,788 Muscatine, Ja. 22) 2..-.2 Seo 11,432 
livstermay: Nw. a <2----525- 13,7¢8 Hilkbart elnd sss ese n eo 11,370 
New London, Conn.-..-.....- 13,759 Miureres Ind ess eee soo ee 11,339 
Pamala een 2b lc ls. lsc. 13,646 itatedo lex sessed ae 11,313 
EOS 22 13,629 BOE SEE PAT ee, So es 11,291 
Rocke Istand, Tllo.2-.---< Taste 13,596 NMabaAnOY beeen ast eae A 11.291 
US PRS 6 eS 13,542 Jefersonville, Ind. .<s2se% 11,274 
Poreruron, Mich 2° 6 S22 2.2. 13,519 Shillicothe: (Ovo eee 11,256 
Wome lViaSS—..--2-....5..-- 13,491 Plaintveld ING]. esse oe sacs 11,250: 
pienandoans Pass... <=... - 13, Sullwater. Minn 2-2 ese 11,289 
Lin ahsen WE ae 13,392 Alpena, iViachoewee- anne. vee 11,228. 
Steimemvule., Oe 2 =c.2 8... 13 563 ANT DUI Vicente ere 11,228. 
Waeksburg, Miss. <.....-..-. 13,298 Ishpeming, Mich.-:.......--.- 11,184 
apmstowill) ba ao.-cse nua. Se 12,201 Leadville. Gol oss S20 .- 2. 11,159 
Saratoga Springs, N. Y----.-- 138,124 Medford, Masso... 2222.9227-- 11,052 
Battle Creek, Mich_...-....-- 13,090 Riyeretrwifiacs ee ee on 11,040 
eetete Gaty, IN, J -.-.--.22% 13,038 Weymouth, Mass._....-...... 10,843: 
PaEeniG NGS |e a8e he ea cre ete 13,027 Cumberland, Md."....-2c-..t 10,030 
PICA eG Vie eto acne cask 13,024 


TIPS TOINViN TORS 


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+7) t 


PracticAL Works FOR PracticAL MEN 


By ROBERT GRIMSHAW, M. E., Etc. 
ENGINE RUNNERS’ CATECHISM (1891), 


How to Set Up, Adjustand Run any Engine, - - . $2.00 
HINTS TO POWER USERS ( 891). 

Practical Suggestions to those who Pay the Bills, - - - $1.00 
TIPS TO INVENTORS - . : - - — $1.co0 


Telling what Inventions are Needed, and how to Perfect and 
Develop New Ideas in any Lines, 


PLUMBING CATECHISM 


A Complete Course in Modern Plumbing, - - - - $1.00 
STEAM ENCINE CATECHISM. : 
A Practical Book for Engineers (two volumes in one), | - - $2.00 


STEAM BOILER CATECHISM. 
About S00 Answers to about S00 Questions on the Steam Boiler, - $2.00 
It is practical, complete and up to date and is undoubtedly the best. 
“Milling World.’ 
Should be an enforced study on every boiler keeper. ‘“ 7he Miller.’’ 
It is the cheapest technical work we have ever seen. ‘U.S. Miller.”’ 


PUMP CATECHISM. 


A practical Help to all interested in Pumps of any kind (two 


volumes in one), - - - - $2.00 
PREPARING FOR INDICATION. 
Practical Hints on the Steam Engine Indicator, - - - $1.00 
It gives complete instruction how to get everything in readiness for 
indicating an Engine. ‘ Electrical Review.”’ 


Should bein the hands of every engineer in the country. “Fiéreand Fabric.” 


ENGINEERS’ HOURLY LOG BOOK. 


Detailed Record of Engine and Boiler Performance, - - $0.50 
HINTS ON HOUSE BUILDING, 
What to do and what not to doin House Building, - - - $0.50 


Every builder should have a copy as well as those contemplating building. 
** Lumber World.” 


SQUARE ROOT MADE EASY. 


Practical Hints for Self-Instruction, - - - - - $0.50 


Eminently useful and to some mechanics a necessity. ‘‘/ndustrial World.” 


PRACTICAL TRAINING. 


Earnest Words on an Important Subject, - - - - $0.50 


Contains valuable information for all who expect to advance in the world. 
Worth allit costs. ‘‘ Pax Handle Advocate.” 


SENT POSTPAID ON RECEIPT OF PRICE. 


PRACTICAL PUBLISHING CO., 
21 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. 


WHY THE 


“Grimshaw Catechisms’” 
ARE SO POPULAR. 


The American Steam Engineer of New York, which is the 
official organ of the rapidly growing American Order of Steam En- 
gineers, says in its issue of March 1, 1888: 


“The peculiar hold which the Grimshaw ‘ Practical Catechisms’ have on the con- 
stituency for which they are intended is due to these facts: They answer at once any 
question about any kind of a pump or asteam engine that the author could think of 
or had ever had asked him; are absolutely scientifically correct; practically useful; 
written in a clear, plain, popular style; up to date; free from hard words and mathe- 
matical formulas. Each question is asked by itself and answered in full by itself, 
thus saving the reader the necessity of wading through a whole book when he only 
wants to know one thing, but wants to know that 1ight away. The books are plainly 
printed, liberally illustrated, of a convenient size for the pocket, bound strongly to 
stand use, and in dark cloth not to show the dirt; are on hard paper to stand 
thumbing; handy for instant reference; liberally indexed and cross indexed; and ex- 
planations are concise, yet very complete. Their author is a favorite writer for the 
scientific papers; is known to be careful, competent, original, practical, abreast of the 
times, and able to tell what he knows. They can be drawn on for examination ques- 
tions by examining engineers who are handling candidates for license, and by exam- 
ination committees testing candidates for admission to engineering societies. They 
can be used to coach for examinations by those about to be examined for license, or 
for admission to engineering societies. They enable competent engineers to improve 
themselves; heip green men out of scrapes without mortification or exposure; prevent 
accidents and hasten repairs; enable an employer to test a candidate for a job, thus 
preventing his being imposed upon; and can be used to settle disputes between en- 
gineers, as to the topics of which they treat. They describe the construction and 
operation of every kind of pump; tell how to set up, connect, adjust and start every 
principal pump in the market, supposing all the parts to have been separated and laid 
on the floor. Most of the matter is copyrighted, and can be found nowhere else, In 
case of any trouble, they save delay in sending for, or writing to, the maker or agent 
of the engine or pump. They are marvelously cheap and have long been needed. If 
there is any practical questions in the lines of which they treat which is not answered 
in the latest editions, the author answers such questions free by mail, and embodies 
such question and answer in subsequent editions or volumes, The advantages of this 
feature, which is original with the author of these popular books, and (up to date) ex- 
clusive, cannot be overestimated.” 


Hints to Power Users. 


PLAIN, PRACTICAL POINTERS, 
FREE FROM HIGH SCIENCE, AND INTENDED FOR THE 
MAN WHO PAYS THE BILLS. 


BY 


ROBERT GRIMSHAW, M.E., Etc. 


Author of ‘Steam Engine Catechism,” ‘‘Pump Catechism,” “Botler 
Catechism,” ‘Preparing for Indication,” ‘‘Engineers Hourly 
Log Book,” and other Practical Books. 


1 Vol. 16mo, Cloth. Price, $1.00. 


Under the above title the well-known engineering expert, Mr. 
Robert Grimshaw, whose catechisms of the Steam Engine, Pump and 
Boiler, and other practical works, have proved so popular among 
working engineers, has prepared some meaty non-technical advice to 
the men who pay the bills. Having proved his ability to put expert 
engineering knowledge into a style suitable to interest and instruct 
the men who run engines, pumps and boilers of every description, he 
has gone further, and prepared for those having no practical knowl- 
edge whatever of steam-engineering, good sound advice, in good plain 
English, as to what to do and what not to do in choosing, buying, 
placing, and operating every part of a power plant. From ash-pit to 
exhaust-head, from fly-wheel to belt-lace, no item seems to escape 
him. Nothing seems too insignificant to be neglected ; nothing too 
complicated to be explained, and to be talked about, in simple phrase. 
These talks are straightforward and to the point ; and have a direct 
money value as well as a most undoubted charm of manner. Mr. 
Grimshaw, knowing these subjects ‘‘ from the ground up,” speaks 
‘‘as one having authority.” The book is singularly independent and 
free from bias, and no power-men should be without it, particularly as 
its price, post-paid, is but a dollar. 


CASSELL PUBLISHING COMPANY, 


104 & 106 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YorK, 


BUYERS 4 


DEFERENCE 


Quarterly Universal Illustrated Descriptive Catalogues, 
issued simultaneously to Electric Light and Power Plants, 
Electrical Supply and Construction Companies and Street 
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with economy and increased effectiveness to Manufacturers 
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All Classified and Arranged Most Conveniently 
for Ready Reference. 


To quote a representative Buyer: 


“A compact, handy volume, full of information of exceptional 
value to the buyer, not burdened ‘with matter that does not interest 
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A Complete All-Buying Circulation Guaranteed. : 
mie | bDUYERS REFERENCE § Co. 


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PATENT FIRMUS RG 
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Power and lransmission: 
An Lllustrated Monthly Journal, 


DEVOTED TO MANUFACTURES, SCIENCE, ARTS AND 
INVENTION. 
ESTABLISHED isss. 
GUARANTEED CIRCULATION OVER 25,000 PER MONTH. 


Issued the 20th of Each Month. 
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Address: POWER AND TRANSMISSION PUBLISHING C0., 


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® ® 
eixie:” 
® 
A Handsomely-Printed, Illustrated Monthly Industrial 
Journal, 


T. H. MARTIN, Business Manager. 
Jj. H. ALLEN, Advertising Manager. JOHN TEMPLE GRAVES, Editor, 


Published 15th of each Month. 
Special Issues, ‘‘ Easter,’? April 15th, ‘‘ Christmas,” December 15th. 
SUBSCRIPTION : 
1 Year, postage paid (in advance), Including Special Issues, - - - - - = $1.00 
Advertising Rates Furnished on Application. 


Published by THE ‘‘ DIXIE” COMPANY (Incorporated), 
ATLANTA, GEORGIA. 
“KEEP YOUR EYE ON ‘ DIXIE.’” 


ESTABLISHED IN PHILADELPHIA, 1873. 


ROBERT GRIMSHAW, 


Consulting Fingineer and Scientific Fixpert. 


ENGINES, BOILERS, MACHINERY & MILLS 
Designed, Tested, Erected and Improved. 


POWER MEASURED. 


COAL SAVED ON SHARBS. 


Investigations. Tests, Confidential Reports. 


Mr. Grimshaw numbers among his clients and references the Governments of 
the U. S., France, and New South Wales, and some of the largest establishments 
and heaviest firms and corporations in the world—including the Standard Oil Co., 
the American Cotton Oil Co., R. Hoe & Co. (N. Y. C.), Silsby Mfg. Co. (Seneca 
Falls, N. Y.), Société des Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée (Paris, Marseilles 
and La Seyne), H. B. Rathbun & Sons (Deseronto, Ont.), The New York World, 
Nescochague Paper Co. (Phila.), Chalmers-Spence Co. (N.Y.), Crosby Steam Gage 
and Valve Co. (Boston), Hancock Inspirator Co. (Boston), Dixon Crucible Co. 
(Jersey City), J. A. Fay & Co. (Cincinnati), Asselin Fréres (Paris and St. Denis, 
France), Hon. Edward Combes, C. M. G., M. L. C. (Sydney and Glanmire, New 
South Wales), and others. 


Mr. Grimshaw may be consulted by appointment only. 


Address : 21 PARK ROW, NEW YORK. 


BLACK PRINTS. 


Inventors, Patentees, Engineers, Architects, Manufacturers, 
_ and others having Drawings of which they wish 


Reproductions 13ad2, will find my 


Improved Black Prints 


(Sharp Black Lines on Dead White Ground) 


FAR SUPERIOR TO EVEN THE BEST BLUE PRINTS. 


This improved process of sun-printing from tracings is 
neat, clean, rapid, and sure, and as simple as blue-printing. 
Send for samples, and for prices of materials, or of prints 
made from your own tracings. Highest references and 


testimonials. 


FERDINAND PONTRICHET, 


Sole Proprietor, 
270 West 115th Street, NEW YORK. 


‘*FIPFTY YEARS HENCE.” 


Under the above title there is not only a very remarkable series 
of ingenious prophecies as to the condition of affairs in 1942, by rea- 
son of improvements, inventions, discoveries and legislative enact- 
ments, but a most charming story, and all couched in vigorous and 
graceful English that lends a charm to the whole. The ingenious 
method by which the details of the prophecy are worked out is very 
plausible, and the prophesied state of things, while showing a wealth 
of imagination, is in many if not most items far from improbable, 
and certainly not impossible. The book (which, by the way, should 
prove of special interest to Free Masons) speaks of the improve- 
ments that will exist fifty years hence in both the spoken and the 
written language, which will then be universal and phonetic; of 
processes for telegraphing photographs and printing them in the 
hourly newspapers; and of telegraphing to and from passing trains 
and vessels. In those days. we are informed by the author (Prof. 
Robert Grimshaw), houses will be made of artificial stone in one 
piece; they will have hot, cold, fresh and salt water, pure air, oxy- 
gen and lighting gas, piped, and electric currents of all kinds laid 
on, from central sources of supply; life will be doubled in length by 
reason of discoveries in surgery and medicine; the natural forces 
will be harnessed to do man’s work; lightning will be not only made 
safe, but stored up to do useful work; and the improvements in the 
telephone that are outlined are most marvelous. Plants will be given 
special fertilizers; aluminum will be in common use, and there will 
be several new metals; sugar and vinegar will be made from coal oil; 
all ordinary fabrics will be fire proof; special organs of the body 
will be fed with special foods to develop them and keep them in 
good health; there will be new dyes of metallic luster, and many 
new alkaloids, while diamonds will be made artificially at low cost. 
Cremation will be the rule, war will be abolished, and clothing made 


comfortable. The manufactures of paper, leather, iron, flour and 
bread will be improved, and flexible glass be an every-day material; 
the cold of winter will be made to run engines, and the power of 
the wind stored up and made to do work; railway cars will be 
made of aluminum; there will be several kinds of new steels; the 
art of hardening copper will have been rediscovered; pneumatic 
tubes run to every house; air ships will plow the azure above, ocean 
navigation will be conducted on new principles, and the models of 
the hulls of vessels will be taken from the pike and other swift 
fishes; ship canals and transcontinental railways will be numerous; 
the river bottoms will be paved; plateways will be laid on all streets 
to lessen the traction of ordinary vehicles; street paving will be of a 
surface smooth enough to give light traction for wheels, but gritty 
enough to afford hold for horses where these are used. Arcade rail- 
ways will run through the principal streets of the great cities, and 
street vehicles run by storage batteries, or by electricity froin hid- 
den conductors; rain making will be perfectly feasible, but regulated 
by a central governmental bureau, lest injustice and partiality be 
shown one section above another; public exhibitions will be of new 
and novel characters—as for instance there will be kaleidoscopic ex- 
hibitions and concerts showing the harmony of perfumes—flower 
culture will be universal and the results most delightful and sur- 
prising; there will be a new and improved coinage; emigration will 
be restricted and pre-employment made a sine qua non for emigrants; 
tree planting will be conducted with enthusiasm. trial by jury be abol- 
ished, the laws of marriage and divorce be made uniform through- 
out the country; and so on through a hundred branches of progre:s, 
the vivid imagination of the author, backed by wide scientific knowl- 
eGge. renders the picture of the ideal community of fifty years 
hence one most interesting and profitable to study. 

The book will be sent postpaid to any address, on receipt of the: 
price —one dollar —by the Practical Publishing Co., New York. 


By the same author:—Steam Engine, Engine Runners’, Pump, Boiler and Lo- 
comotive Catechisms, $2.00 eachs Practical Catechism, and Record of Scien- 
tific Progress in 1891, $1.50 eaeh3 Hints to Power Users, Preparing for Indica- 
tion, Engine Room Chat, and Tips to Invertors, $1.00 eachs Hints on House: 
Building, 50 Cemts. Mailed to any address on receipt of price. 


NOTES ON NEW AND PATENTED INVENTIONS. 


In the great struggle after new methods, processes and imple- 
ments that characterizes our day, and which is a principal factor in 
our material progress, there is a constant rule of the “survival of the 
fittest.” Opposed to this is the claim, sometimes put forward, that 
the value of a patented invention is not so much in its intrinsic worth 
as in the method of presenting and introducing it to the world, or to 
a market. Both propositions are in a sense true, but with this quali- 
fication, that “ permanent” success always depends upon intrinsic 
worth, and while a short success may be attained by a plausible but 
faulty invention, the future is sure to regulate it to the place it be- 
longs. It is perhaps unnecessary to argue this. HEveryone’s observa- 
tion will prove it. 

CASSEIER’S MAGAZINE, an engineering publication, 
gotten up in the same style and equal in every respect to Harpers’, 
The Century, and Scribners’, has begun a series of articles about 
<‘New and Patented Inventions.” Many important things are to be 
considered in these articies, among them that of ‘added detail.” 
This might properly come under the head of “operative, conditions,” 
because it invoives maintenance and attendance, but may be made 
more plain by quoting a remark once made in England by an experi- 
enced designer and constructor of machinery. He said: ‘The great 
art of designing machinery consists in leaving out parts and pieces.” 

The articles will be written by John Richards, in a popular style 
such as the ordinary inventor and the busy business man can have 
time to read and understand. 

Mr. Richards is President of the Technical Society of the Pa- 
cific Coast, and editor of the journal “Industry” There are prob- 
ably few engineers so well known, or so capable of expressing an 
intelligent opinion. on the various classes of engineering matters, as 
is Mr. Richards. He has had many years of active and practical ex- 
perience in the manufacture of machinery. and as a technical writer, 
and he is known throughout the world by engineers and manufac- 
turers as a man from whom an honest, conscientious, as well as capa- 
ble opinion can be obtained. 

CASSIER’S MAGAZINE—cost, $3.00 per year, 25 cents a 
copy—can be obtained from newsdealers, or from the publishers, THE 
CASSIER’S MAGAZINE Co., Potter Building, New York. 


NMHC 


3 0112 0420518 


